Table 3 Estimation results of random-effects models of log hourly wage
M0 | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4a | M4b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade of entrance certificate (reverse-coded) | 0.052*** (0.013) | 0.047*** (0.013) | 0.035** (0.013) | 0.037** (0.012) | 0.037** (0.012) | |
Gender (female) | − 0.146*** (0.016) | − 0.137*** (0.016) | − 0.076*** (0.017) | − 0.074*** (0.016) | − 0.077*** (0.016) | |
Age (years) | 0.021*** (0.004) | 0.016*** (0.004) | 0.011*** (0.003) | 0.011** (0.003) | 0.011*** (0.003) | |
Parents have higher education | 0.019 (0.016) | 0.010 (0.015) | 0.004 (0.015) | 0.013 (0.014) | 0.010 (0.014) | |
Degree at type of institution (ref. diploma—UAS) | ||||||
Diploma/Magister—Univ. | − 0.028 (0.031) | 0.031 (0.027) | 0.029 (0.023) | 0.031 (0.023) | ||
Bachelor—UAS | − 0.086** (0.027) | − 0.096*** (0.024) | − 0.106*** (0.023) | − 0.095*** (0.023) | ||
Bachelor—Univ. | − 0.241*** (0.037) | − 0.162*** (0.033) | − 0.164*** (0.030) | − 0.152*** (0.030) | ||
State examination—UAS | − 0.040 (0.039) | − 0.080~ (0.045) | − 0.078~ (0.041) | − 0.081~ (0.041) | ||
NUTS-2 earnings (in €100) | 0.016*** (0.002) | |||||
Constant | 2.711*** (0.015) | 2.027*** (0.116) | 2.262*** (0.119) | 2.287*** (0.116) | 1.844*** (0.127) | 2.276*** (0.115) |
Random effects part | ||||||
SD (HEI) | 0.138*** (0.014) | 0.122*** (0.013) | 0.117*** (0.012) | 0.064*** (0.012) | 0.024*** (0.021) | 0.020*** (0.023) |
SD (Individual) | 0.352*** (0.006) | 0.342*** (0.005) | 0.338*** (0.005) | 0.319*** (0.005) | 0.317*** (0.005) | 0.316*** (0.005) |
SD (FoS) | 0.156*** (0.019) | 0.156*** (0.019) | 0.157*** (0.019) | |||
SD (AdReg) | 0.068*** (0.012) | |||||
Log-likelihood | − 889.831 | − 820.196 | − 788.158 | − 675.637 | − 645.644 | − 652.993 |
ICC HEI | 0.134 | 0.112 | 0.108 | 0.031 | 0.004 | 0.003 |
ICC FoS | 0.188 | 0.194 | 0.191 | |||
ICC AdReg | 0.036 | |||||
N individuals | 2175 | 2175 | 2175 | 2175 | 2175 | 2175 |
N HEI | 147 | 147 | 147 | 147 | 147 | 147 |
N FoS | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
N AdReg | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |