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Table 2 Descriptive statistics for job quality change groups from 2011 to 2014, health levels in 2014 and non-employment in 2018

From: Job quality continuity and change in later working life and the mediating role of mental and physical health on employment participation

 

n

 

% of N

 

Health levels in 2014

 

Employed in 2018

ORa

[95% CI]

  

mental

 

physical

 

yes

 

no

  

M

(SD)

 

M

(SD)

 

n

(%)

 

n

(%)

Cohort

 

1959

1,353

 

45.8

 

50.9

(10.5)

 

48.9

(9.2)

 

1,268

(93.7)

 

85

(6.3)

  
 

1965

1,599

 

54.2

 

50.1

(9.9)

 

50.5

(8.7)

 

1,541

(96.4)

 

58

(3.6)

  

Sex

 

Male

1,328

 

44.9

 

51.6

(9.6)

 

50.3

(8.7)

 

1,272

(95.8)

 

56

(4.2)

  
 

Female

1,624

 

55.1

 

49.5

(10.5)

 

49.4

(9.2)

 

1,537

(94.6)

 

87

(5.4)

  

Job quality groups:

Initially manual

 

PQ-PQ (− −)

228

 

7.7

 

46.1

(11.2)

 

45.8

(9.3)

 

200

(87.7)

 

28

(12.3)

2.46

[1.39; 4.34]

 

PQ-SnM (− −)

74

 

2.5

 

47.1

(10.6)

 

48.2

(9.0)

 

71

(95.9)

 

3

(4.1)

0.70

[0.20; 2.37]

 

PQ-RM (− +)

164

 

5.6

 

50.7

(9.2)

 

47.5

(8.7)

 

156

(95.1)

 

8

(4.9)

0.86

[0.38; 1.95]

 

PQ-SR (− +)

45

 

1.5

 

52.5

(9.9)

 

48.4

(7.2)

 

42

(93.3)

 

3

(6.7)

1.28

[0.37; 4.45]

 

RM-PQ (+ −)

130

 

4.4

 

48.1

(9.8)

 

47.4

(9.4)

 

116

(89.2)

 

14

(10.8)

2.04

[1.03; 4.06]

 

RM-SnM (+ −)

60

 

2.0

 

48.3

(11.5)

 

50.5

(9.4)

 

b

b

 

b

b

0.56

[0.13; 2.43]

 

RM-SR (+ +)

175

 

5.9

 

52.4

(9.5)

 

51.3

(8.4)

 

171

(97.7)

 

4

(2.3)

0.39

[0.14; 1.15]

 

RM-RM (+ +)

447

 

15.1

 

52.5

(8.7)

 

48.1

(8.7)

 

422

(94.4)

 

25

(5.6)

(ref)

 

Initially non-manual

 

SnM-PQ (− −)

63

 

2.1

 

43.9

(10.7)

 

46.5

(10.2)

 

59

(93.7)

 

4

(6.3)

1.77

[0.59; 5.26]

 

SnM-SnM (− −)

198

 

6.6

 

47.2

(10.4)

 

50.7

(9.0)

 

194

(98.0)

 

4

(2.0)

0.56

[0.19; 1.62]

 

SnM-RM (− +)

56

 

1.9

 

50.6

(11.8)

 

48.9

(8.6)

 

51

(91.1)

 

5

(8.9)

2.54

[0.94; 6.91]

 

SnM-SR (− +)

166

 

5.6

 

51.0

(9.1)

 

52.1

(8.2)

 

162

(97.6)

 

4

(2.4)

0.66

[0.23; 1.90]

 

SR-PQ (+ −)

40

 

1.4

 

46.7

(11.2)

 

47.8

(10.3)

 

b

b

 

b

b

1.24

[0.28; 5.44]

 

SR-SnM (+ −)

194

 

6.6

 

48.2

(11.0)

 

51.8

(8.5)

 

188

(96.9)

 

6

(3.1)

0.84

[0.34; 2.06]

 

SR-RM (+ +)

139

 

4.7

 

51.4

(10.1)

 

49.5

(9.3)

 

136

(97.8)

 

3

(2.2)

0.62

[0.19; 2.08]

 

SR-SR (+ +)

773

 

26.7

 

52.7

(9.5)

 

52.0

(8.4)

 

745

(96.4)

 

28

(3.6)

(ref)

 
  1. Note. N = 2,952; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; ref = reference category; a separate logistic regression models for manual and non-manual change groups, respectively, and adjusted for cohort and sex (significant OR at p < 0.05 in bold); b exact frequency with n < 3 cannot be displayed for reasons of legal data protection; PQ-PQ = Poor Quality 2011 + 2014, PQ-RM = Poor Quality 2011/Relaxed Manual 2014, PQ-SnM = Poor Quality 2011/Strained non-Manual 2014, PQ-SR = Poor Quality 2011/Smooth Running 2014, RM-PQ = Relaxed Manual 2011/Poor Quality 2014, RM-RM = Relaxed Manual 2011 + 2014, RM-SnM = Relaxed Manual 2011/Strained non-Manual 2014, RM-SR = Relaxed Manual 2011/Smooth Running 2014; SnM-PQ = Strained non-Manual 2011/Poor Quality 2014, SnM-RM = Strained non-Manual 2011/Relaxed Manual 2014, SnM-SnM = Strained non-Manual 2011 + 2014, SnM-SR = Strained non-Manual 2011/Smooth Running 2014, SR-PQ = Smooth Running 2011/Poor Quality 2014, SR-RM = Smooth Running 2011/Relaxed Manual 2014, SR-SnM = Smooth Running 2011/Strained non-Manual 2014, SR-SR = Smooth Running 2011 + 2014; (– –) denotes adverse job quality in 2011 and 2014, (– +) adverse job quality in 2011 and favourable quality in 2014, (+ –) favourable quality in 2011 and adverse quality in 2014, and (+ +) favourable job quality in 2011 and 2014.