The outcome of coaching and training for self-employment. A statistical evaluation of outside assistance support programs for unemployed business founders in Germany

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 2 Treatment effects (Mahalanobis-Distance-Kernel-Matching). (Source: IEB, own calculations)

	On support^a		Matched^a		ATT^b	Inference			Balance (MSB)^c		F-test^d		Exit^e
Treatment/ type of exit	Nj	Ni	Nj	Ni		se	se^r/se, I	se^r/se, II	Before	After	Before	After
Training
All types	1,555	118,236	1,555	32,968	0.006	0.015	1.799	0.818	24.866	2.380	0.000	0.631	0.486
Unempl.	1,555	118,236	1,555	32,968	0.023^f	0.014	1.364	1.031	24.866	2.380	0.000	0.631	0.328
Employment	1,555	118,236	1,555	32,968	− 0.013	0.009	1.163	1.020	24.866	2.380	0.000	0.631	0.103
Coaching
All types	7,204	177,573	7,204	27,529	0.002	0.008	2.237	1.623	28.573	0.970	0.000	0.823	0.462
Unempl.	7,204	177,573	7,204	27,529	0.007	0.007	2.166	1.179	28.573	0.970	0.000	0.823	0.331
Employment	7,204	177,573	7,204	27,529	− 0.013^g	0.005	1.392	1.060	28.573	0.970	0.000	0.823	0.076
Discr. start-up support (DSUS)
All types	8,942	206,189	8,942	22,033	0.010	0.007	3.633	1.042	24.773	0.885	0.000	0.523	0.487
Unempl.	8,942	206,189	8,942	22,033	0.021^g	0.007	2.329	0.888	24.773	0.885	0.000	0.523	0.312
Employment	8,942	206,189	8,942	22,033	− 0.011^g	0.005	1.942	1.358	24.773	0.885	0.000	0.523	0.112

^aj and i are indicators for the population (i = treated population; j = untreated persons)
^bATT stands for the average treatment effect on the treated; the ATT is calculated on the basis of Formula (4): Pr(T ^k ≤ 36)
^cThe balancing property is calculated as the averaged mean standardized bias based on individual and regional variables as well as on the three propensity scores
^dThe test used is an F-test of the joint insignificance of all regressors before and after matching
^eReports the probability to observe quitting self-employment within a period of 36 months related to the employment status for the matched population
^fIndicates statistical significance at the 90 % level
^gIndicates statistical significance at the 95 % level