Poverty and the social participation of young people—an analysis of poverty-related withdrawal mechanisms

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 3 Impact of poverty on participation opportunities in organisations⁺

	At least one organisation (Model 1)	Music, sport or culture club (Model 2)	Religious community (Model 3)
Poverty
Not poor	(Ref.)	(Ref.)	(Ref.)
Poor⁺⁺, no ALG II	−0.0564^∗	−0.0832^∗∗	0.0036
Poor and ALG II	−0.1277^∗∗∗	−0.1317^∗∗∗	−0.0374^∗
Employment status
In education	0.0597	0.0590	0.0243
Employed	0.0619	0.0484	0.0472
Unemployed	(Ref.)	(Ref.)	(Ref.)
Other	0.0162	0.0359	0.0130
(Desired) Educational degree
Upper secondary	0.1764^∗∗∗	0.1696^∗∗∗	0.0613^∗∗
Secondary	0.0524^∗	0.0485	0.0425^∗
Lower secondary	(Ref.)	(Ref.)	(Ref.)
Socio-demographics
Age (years)	−0.0245^∗∗∗	−0.0250^∗∗∗	−0.0041
Sex (female)	−0.0758^∗∗∗	−0.0976^∗∗∗	0.0168
Migration background	−0.0829^∗∗	−0.0610^∗	−0.0450^∗
Lives with parents	0.0324	0.0307	−0.0177
Religious affiliation
No religious affiliation	(Ref.)	(Ref.)	(Ref.)
Christian	0.1466^∗∗∗	0.0745^∗∗	0.2091^∗∗∗
Non-Christian	0.0917	0.0795	0.0601
Affiliation unknown	0.1149^∗∗∗	0.0724^∗	0.1710^∗∗∗
Highest parental educational degree
Upper secondary	0.1198^∗∗∗	0.1193^∗∗∗	0.0209
Secondary	0.0703	0.0672	0.0185
Lower secondary	0.0569	0.0824^∗	−0.0175
No/other degree	(Ref.)	(Ref.)	(Ref.)
N	1.939	1.939	1.939
Log likelihood	−1,079.7609	−1,037.6284	−536.3722
McFadden’s pseudo R ²	0.1474	0.1407	0.1434

^∗∗∗ p<0.001, ^∗∗ p<0.01, ^∗ p≤0.05
⁺ Average marginal effects obtained from logistic regression using unweighted figures
⁺⁺ Less than 60 percent of the median national equivalent household income
Source: PASS, third wave, unweighted figures