Table 1 Plant characteristics by leadership (whole sample; means)

Establishment size

54.689

510.110 [0.000]

31.621

167.610 [0.000]

Collective agreement at sector level (dummy)

0.418

0.588 [0.000]

0.195

0.403 [0.000]

Collective agreement at firm level (dummy)

0.030

0.118 [0.000]

0.049

0.177 [0.000]

Works council (dummy)

0.107

0.692 [0.000]

0.057

0.545 [0.000]

Exporter (dummy)

0.232

0.400 [0.000]

0.186

0.334 [0.000]

Foreign ownership (dummy)

0.008

0.177 [0.000]

0.007

0.116 [0.000]

New production technology (dummy)

0.692

0.734 [0.010]

0.685

0.718 [0.111]

Proportion of female workers

0.392

0.358 [0.001]

0.359

0.362 [0.829]

Proportion of qualified workers

0.777

0.776 [0.932]

0.895

0.881 [0.133]

Plant located in rural area (dummy)

0.211

0.175 [0.011]

0.469

0.395 [0.001]

Agriculture, hunting, forestry (dummy)

0.022

0.005 [0.000]

0.028

0.025 [0.688]

Mining, quarrying, electricity, gas, water (dummy)

0.007

0.052 [0.000]

0.005

0.036 [0.000]

Manufacturing (dummy)

0.251

0.349 [0.000]

0.404

0.416 [0.596]

Trade and repair (dummy)

0.215

0.185 [0.041]

0.147

0.119 [0.074]

Construction (dummy)

0.146

0.019 [0.000]

0.138

0.046 [0.000]

Transport, storage, communication (dummy)

0.040

0.070 [0.000]

0.036

0.055 [0.031]

Financial intermediation (dummy)

0.007

0.040 [0.000]

0.007

0.013 [0.137]

Business activities (dummy)

0.159

0.145 [0.268]

0.105

0.138 [0.020]

Other activities (dummy)

0.154

0.135 [0.131]

0.130

0.152 [0.152]

Number of plants

2,431

1,176

1,951

673