Is innovative firm behavior correlated with age and gender composition of the workforce? Evidence from a new type of data for German enterprises

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Variables	Pooled mean	Standarddeviation
Variables	Pooled mean	Overall	Between	Within
Data from the Cost Structure Survey:
Proportion of R&D outlays in total revenues	0.0111	0.0281	0.0264	0.0096
Share of R&D employment in total employment	0.0232	0.0527	0.0496	0.0178
Firm size (number of employees)	429.6821	3649.5190	3644.7420	192.8708
Data from the Establishment History Panel:
Share of employees aged less than 30 years (%)	17.1608	9.3881	8.9765	2.7519
Share of employees aged 30–49 years (%)	57.5660	9.3267	8.7179	3.3166
Share of employees aged 50 years or older (%)	25.2534	10.0994	9.6630	2.9398
Share of female employees (%)	30.1249	20.7646	20.6295	2.3810
Share of medium qualified employees (%)	61.5195	20.5359	20.2429	3.4671
Share of highly qualified employees (%)	6.0263	7.8487	7.7044	1.5015
Share of part-time employees (%)	18.1817	14.6017	14.2332	3.2653

Note: The data are from a balanced panel (4 years from 2003 to 2006) with a total of 16,900 yearly observations for 4,225 enterprises. For the definitions of the variables see text