Times of change: what drives the growth of work arrangements in Germany?

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 2 Composition of employment by different work arrangements in 1991, 2001 and 2011

	In thousands			% of total employed
	1991	2001	2011	1991	2001	2011
Standard-Work Arrangements	26505	23372	22987	71.5	63.5	57.7
Self-employed workers	1641	1811	1880	4.4	4.9	4.7
Permanent workers (>31 h/W)^a	24864	21561	21107	67.1	58.6	52.9
Non-Standard-Work Arrangements	7949	10917	14710	21.5	29.7	36.9
Part-time workers (<32 h/W)^b	4070	4807	5969	11.0	13.1	15.0
“Marginal” part-time workers	973	2324	3864	2.6	6.3	9.7
Fixed-term contracts (>31 h/W)^c	1486	1701	2004	4.0	4.6	5.0
Agency workers (>31 h/W)^d	102	264	497	0.3	0.7	1.2
One-person-businesses	1318	1821	2376	3.6	4.9	6.0
Specific Work Arrangements	2602	2529	2172	7.0	6.9	5.4
Apprentices	1554	1568	1611	4.2	4.3	4.0
Soldiers, alternatives to military services, others^e	595	520	338	1.6	1.4	0.8
Related family workers	453	441	223	1.2	1.2	0.6
Total, in percentages				100.0	100.0	100.0
Total, in thousands	37056	36818	39869

^aExcluding agency workers
^bIncluding fixed-term contracts and agency workers
^cIncluding agency workers
^dExcluding fixed-term contracts and part-time workers. Because of missing data the share of agency workers employed on a part-time basis needed to be estimated for the period 1991 to 1996. We assume a share of 2 %. The share of agency workers employed on a temporary basis is also estimated. According to indications by the agency industry different shares are assumed: 25 % for the period 1991 to 2003 and 33,3 % for the period 2004 to 2010
^eIncluding workers who do indicate whether their contract is on a permanent or temporary basis
Source: Destatis 2012 (Labour Force Survey); Federal Employment Agency; own calculations