Is the labor market vulnerability of less-educated men really about job competition? New insights from the United States

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 3 Educational differentials in labor market outcomes, including cohort replacements, men

	Unemployment vs. employment Logistic Regression (logit coefficients)		SES OLS regression (unstandardized coefficients)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Education (Less-educated = ref.)
Intermediate	−0.66^∗∗	−0.85	4.43^∗∗	−0.11
High	−0.61^∗∗	−8.22^∗∗	20.06^∗∗	28.71^∗∗
Respondent’s verbal skills	−0.00	−0.01	1.07^∗∗	1.08^∗∗
Respondent’s parental SES	−1.35^∗∗	−1.23^∗	6.76^∗∗	6.68^∗∗
Cohort replacement variables
Displacement	0.65^∗	−0.24	−2.31∼	−0.09
Negative cognitive selection	0.64^∗	0.56	−0.17	−1.30
Discrediting	4.27^∗∗	1.67	5.85	−4.24
Negative social selection	0.00	0.10	0.12	−0.10
Education ^∗ Cohort replacement
Intermediate^∗ displacement		0.49		−1.19
High^∗ displacement		4.20^∗		−7.42
Intermediate^∗ negative cognitive selection		−0.15		1.31
High^∗ negative cognitive selection		−0.46		1.90
Intermediate^∗ discrediting		3.75		18.75
High^∗ discrediting		9.94		−16.24
Intermediate^∗ negative social selection		−0.18^∗		0.26
High^∗ negative social selection		0.07		0.17
Intercept	−5.63^∗∗	−4.55^∗∗	31.62^∗∗	33.35^∗∗
Number of observations	2339	2339	2139	2139
Degrees of freedom	18	26	18	26
Explained variance (Nagelkerke R ²)	12.6 %	15.0 %	32.1 %	32.2 %

Controlled for the same control variables as in Table 2, plus age and annual unemployment rate
Level of significance: ∼p<0.10; ^∗ p<0.05; ^∗∗ p<0.01
Source: Authors’ calculations; General Social Survey 1974–2008