Is the labor market vulnerability of less-educated men really about job competition? New insights from the United States

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 2 Educational differentials in labor market outcomes, men

	Unemployment vs. employment Logistic Regression (logit coefficients)		SES OLS regression (unstandardized coefficients)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Respondent’s educational attainment (low = ref.)
Intermediate	−0.73^∗∗	−0.61^∗∗	4.32^∗∗	4.61^∗∗
High	−0.65^∗	−0.76^∗∗	19.87^∗∗	18.78^∗∗
Respondent’s verbal skills	0.01	0.02	1.05^∗∗	1.05^∗∗
Respondent’s parental SES^a	−1.36^∗∗	−1.34^∗∗	6.84^∗∗	6.83^∗∗
Labor market entry cohort 1965–1974 (ref)
Labor market entry cohort 1975–1984	−0.75^∗∗	−0.62∼	0.53	0.26
Labor market entry cohort 1985–1994	−1.04^∗∗	−1.15^∗	−0.26	−0.21
Labor market entry cohort 1995–1999	−1.01^∗∗	−0.58	1.12	2.54
Age	−0.07^∗∗	−0.72^∗	0.45^∗∗	0.44^∗∗
Unemployment rate	0.16^∗∗	0.16^∗∗	−0.48^∗	−0.50^∗
Interaction: Education ^∗ cohort
Intermediate^∗ 1975–1984		−0.13		0.05
Intermediate^∗ 1985–1994		0.15		−0.81
Intermediate^∗ 1995–1999		−2.48^∗		−0.90
High^∗ 1975–1984		−0.94		1.73
High^∗ 1985–1994		0.02		2.74
High^∗ 1995–1999		1.21		−3.35
Intercept	−2.70^∗∗	−2.80^∗∗	30.09^∗∗	30.33^∗∗
Number of observations	2339	2339	2139	2139
Degrees of freedom	17	23	17	23
Explained variance^b	12.8 %	14.9 %	32.5 %	32.8 %

Controlled for: Family status, number of children, ethnicity, Southern region/others (full table is available on request by the authors)
^aCategory for missing cases is included in the model
^bFor employment chances the Nagelkerke R ² is documented
Level of significance: ∼p<0.10; ^∗ p<0.05; ^∗∗ p<0.01
Source: Authors’ calculations; General Social Survey 1974–2008