Average wage, qualification of the workforce and export performance in German enterprises: evidence from KombiFiD data

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 3 Descriptive statistics for the sample of enterprises by exporter status: West Germany, manufacturing industries, 2006

	Exporter		Non-exporter		t-Test (prob-value)	K-S-Test (prob-value)
	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.	t-Test (prob-value)	K-S-Test (prob-value)
Average wage (Euro)	35,160	178.47	26,776	453.20	0.000	0.000
Share of highly qualified employees (Percent)	7.11	0.14	3.57	0.25	0.000	0.000
Share of medium qualified employees (Percent)	61.98	0.32	60.60	0.84	0.1243	^∗
Capital intensity (Euro)	90,908	1,956	79,373	4,552	0.020	0.000
R&D intensity (Percent)	1.28	0.05	0.19	0.05	0.000	0.000
Firm size (Number of persons)	477.35	63.93	163.58	10.32	0.000	0.000
Share of Exports in total sales (Percent)	34.82	25.42

Note: For a definition of the variables see text. The number of observations is 4,431; 742 (or 16.75 %) of these enterprises were non-exporters. The prob-value of the t-Test is for the null-hypothesis of no difference in mean values (assuming unequal variances in the two groups of firms); a prob-value of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S-Test) that is 0.05 or smaller indicates that the distribution of the variable for the exporters first-order stochastically dominates the distribution of the variable for the non-exporters
^∗ Indicates a case where the results of the K-S-Test gives inconclusive results—neither the null-hypothesis that the distribution of the variable for the exporters first-order stochastically dominates the distribution of the variable for the non-exporters nor the null-hypothesis that the distribution of the variable for the non-exporters first-order stochastically dominates the distribution of the variable for the exporters can be rejected at an error level of 5 percent or less