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Table 2 Estimates of DRWR

From: Sectoral differences in downward real wage rigidity: workforce composition, institutions, technology and competitionBranchenspezifische Unterschiede in der Abwärtsreallohnstarrheit: Arbeitskraftstruktur, Institutionen, Technologie und Wettbewerb

Category

Average DRWR

St. dev.

Blue-collar workers

0.580

0.261

White-collar workers

0.641

0.213

Workers aged 18–24 years

0.630

0.217

Workers aged 25–44 years

0.593

0.230

Workers older than 44 years

0.612

0.265

Food (food products, beverages and tobacco)

0.526

0.126

Textile (textiles, textile products, leather and footwear)

0.600

0.178

Wood and paper (wood and products of wood and cork, and pulp, paper, paper products, printing and publishing)

0.648

0.108

Chemicals (chemical, rubber, plastics and fuel products)

0.467

0.173

Non-metal (other non-metallic mineral products)

0.483

0.101

Metal (basic metals and fabricated metal products)

0.553

0.142

Machinery and equip.

0.618

0.081

Transport equipment

0.517

0.115

Other manufacturing (manufacturing n.e.c., recycling)

0.681

0.277

Construction

0.801

0.239

Trade (wholesale and retail trade, repair)

0.648

0.188

Hotels and restaurants

0.590

0.214

Transport and storage

0.354

0.145

Financial services (financial intermediation)

0.627

0.195

Business services (real estate, renting and business activities)

0.668

0.114

Entire sample (av. over sectors)

0.581

0.193

  1. Notes: DRWR estimated by the IWFP procedure, see Sect. 2. Results for sectors are averaged over years and the entire sample is the average over sectors and years. Results for occupational categories and age categories were obtained as averages from estimates of DRWR varying across occupation, age, sectors and years