Table 8 Wage differences between temporary and permanent workers by socio-demographic factors, %
Means differences | OLS | OLS with Heckman correction | PSM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | −12.1 | −3.7* | −3.8* | −3.4 |
By gender | ||||
Men | −14.2 | −3.1* | −3.1* | −2.8 |
Women | −13.3 | −3.6* | −3.7* | −2.6 |
By age | ||||
15–25 years old | −5.9 | −2.2 | −2.5 | 2.4 |
26–35 years old | −14.6 | −5.4* | −5.4* | −2.2 |
36–45 years old | −7.6 | −2.1 | −2.0 | −4.2 |
46–55 years old | −11.0 | −6.8* | −6.9* | −2.1 |
56–65 years old | −9.5 | −2.3 | −2.1 | 5.1 |
By marriage | ||||
Married | −6.7 | −3.4* | −3.5* | −4.3 |
Not married | −16.4 | −4.7* | −4.9* | −6.7* |
By education | ||||
Lower than secondary | −12.1 | −1.4 | −1.6 | −4.6 |
Secondary | −8.6 | −5.6* | −5.8* | −4.2 |
Tertiary | 3.8 | −4.3 | −4.3* | −0.7 |
By professional groups | ||||
Managers | 33.4 | −2.0 | 37.0 | |
Professionals | 4.8 | −0.6 | 0.9 | |
Technicians | 9.0 | 0.5 | −7.2 | |
Clerks and service workers | −9.8 | −6.8* | −10.6* | |
Skilled agricultural workers, graft workers | −3.8 | −5.5* | 4.1 | |
Operators | −12.0 | −11.5* | −10.7 | |
Low-skilled occupations | 14.5 | 2.1 | 9.8 | |
By industries | ||||
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing | 36.2 | 24.6* | 15.3 | |
Mining, quarrying and manufacturing | −5.2 | −10.2* | 3.5 | |
Electricity, gas and water supply | −22.1 | −19.5* | −16.9 | |
Construction | −14.5 | −4.5 | −1.1 | |
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods, hotels and restaurants | −20.5 | −6.9* | −12.0* | |
Transport, storage and communications | −17.1 | −15.4* | −13.2 | |
Financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities | −20.3 | −13.8* | 1.4 | |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security, education, health, social work, other community, social and personal service activities | 15.3 | 6.1* | 13.1* | |
Other activities | −10.7 | −11.3* | −18.3* | |
By type of settlement | ||||
City with more than 500 thousand people | −13.3 | −9.5* | −9.5* | −3.6 |
City with 100–500 thousand people | −11.2 | −5.8* | −5.9* | −8.5 |
Town with 20–100 thousand people | −15.7 | −7.7* | −7.7* | −6.5 |
Country side, village | −12.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | −1.5 |