Table 4 Innovative performance and different staffing patterns
All firms | Growth | Dominance | ΔE≥0 | ΔE<0 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔE≥0 | ΔE<0 | D+ | D− | D+ | D− | D+ | D− | ||
Rejuvenation by inflows of younger | |||||||||
- yes | 3.3 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
- no | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 4.1 |
Test on difference (p) | 0.710 | 0.810 | 0.664 | 0.616 | 0.960 | 0.323 | 0.240 | 0.737 | 0.301 |
Rejuvenation by outflows of older | |||||||||
- yes | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
- no | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 |
Test on difference (p) | 0.434 | 0.242 | 0.760 | 0.785 | 0.350 | 0.520 | 0.292 | 0.652 | 0.911 |
Increasing age-heterogeneity | |||||||||
- yes | 3.8 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 2.8 |
- no | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 5.6 |
Test on difference (p) | 0.720 | 0.286 | 0.124 | 0.527 | 0.290 | 0.151 | 0.938 | 0.354 | 0.251 |
Churning | |||||||||
- yes | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 2.5 |
- no | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
Test on difference (p) | 0.212 | 0.539 | 0.209 | 0.233 | 0.599 | 0.451 | 0.923 | 0.354 | 0.517 |