Table 5 Determinants of the routes off social benefits receipt through job or training entry of 18- to 24-year-old benefits recipients of 2005 (hazard ratios \(\exp\mathrm{exp}\,(\ss)\))
Covariates | Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exit via labour market integration (A) | Partial exit via labour market integration (B) | |||||
Hr | Sig. | S.E. | Hr | Sig. | S.E. | |
Equivalent household income (/100). periodic effects | ||||||
Income situation of Dec 04 in Jan 05–Oct 05 | 0.988 | 0.008 | 0.995 | 0.006 | ||
Income situation of Nov 05 in Nov 05–Dec 06 | 1.012 | 0.013 | 1.013 | 0.010 | ||
Income situation of Nov 05 in 2007 | 1.000 | 0.017 | 1.009 | 0.012 | ||
Social assistance receipt in 2004 (rf=no) | 0.837 | 0.313 | 1.206 | 0.197 | ||
Unemployment assistance receipt before 2005 (rf=no) | 0.613 | 0.360 | 0.699 | 0.257 | ||
Previous episodes in social benefits receipt | 0.767 | 0.177 | 1.200 | 0.115 | ||
Highest qualification of parents (rf=lower secondary school certificate or higher) | ||||||
No information | 1.063 | 0.256 | 1.098 | 0.180 | ||
No school certificate | 0.514 | + | 0.402 | 0.988 | 0.237 | |
Highest labour market status of parents, at respondent’s age of 15 (rf=qualified employment) | ||||||
No information | 0.627 | 0.276 | 0.888 | 0.179 | ||
Low-qualified employment | 0.846 | 0.217 | 0.858 | 0.157 | ||
Unemployed, not employed | 1.073 | 0.248 | 0.861 | 0.176 | ||
Schooling (rf=no/lower secondary school certificate) | ||||||
Secondary school certificate | 1.158 | 0.209 | 0.932 | 0.146 | ||
University entrance diploma | 1.784 | * | 0.268 | 1.140 | 0.201 | |
Vocational degree (rf=no degree) | 2.288 | *** | 0.212 | 1.482 | ** | 0.139 |
Employment career | ||||||
Previous employment episodes | 1.610 | *** | 0.080 | 1.304 | *** | 0.048 |
(Previous employment episodes)2 | 0.982 | *** | 0.005 | 0.992 | * | 0.003 |
Previous unemployment episodes | 0.711 | * | 0.137 | 0.949 | 0.099 | |
(Previous unemployment episodes)2 | 1.032 | * | 0.016 | 1.001 | 0.012 | |
Employment status. one month lag. (ref: employed) | ||||||
Short-term unemployed. ≤12 months | 2.435 | ** | 0.265 | 2.790 | *** | 0.214 |
Long-term unemployed. 13 months and more | 1.864 | + | 0.350 | 4.258 | *** | 0.257 |
In education | 0.440 | * | 0.375 | 1.095 | 0.262 | |
On parental leave | 1.020 | 0.528 | 1.397 | 0.329 | ||
Other activities | 0.977 | 0.388 | 2.265 | ** | 0.284 | |
Previous partial exit (rf=none) | 0.871 | 0.196 | 1.861 | *** | 0.138 | |
Household composition (rf=single) | ||||||
With partner, no children | 0.910 | 0.277 | 0.983 | 0.208 | ||
Single parent | 0.306 | * | 0.472 | 1.021 | 0.260 | |
With partner and children | 0.425 | ** | 0.326 | 1.252 | 0.200 | |
With parents | 1.333 | 0.214 | 0.931 | 0.164 | ||
Socio demographics | ||||||
Female (rf=male) | 0.749 | 0.177 | 1.028 | 0.127 | ||
Background of migration (rf=no) | 0.741 | 0.192 | 0.882 | 0.133 | ||
Controls | ||||||
Age | 1.088 | 0.061 | 0.914 | * | 0.043 | |
Regional youth unemployment rate | 0.941 | * | 0.026 | 0.994 | 0.018 | |
Events | 197 | 327 | ||||
Persons/episodes/person months | 674/1061 /15959 | |||||
Log likelihood | −2401.4207 | |||||
Cov (Corr) | 0.138(0.999) | |||||