Variable | Specification | ||
---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
Expanded use of bought-in products and services, 2002–2004 | −0.012 | ||
(0.015) | |||
Ratio of externally sourced inputs to value added, 2002 | 0.001 | ||
(0.001) | |||
Change in ratio of externally sourced inputs to value added, 2002–2004 | −0.002* | ||
(0.001) | |||
Sales per employee | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** |
(0.0003) | (0.00002) | (0.00002) | |
Export share | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 |
(0.0003) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | |
Increasing sales expected | 0.056*** | 0.054*** | 0.053*** |
(0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |
Investments in ICT | 0.057*** | 0.059*** | 0.059*** |
(0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |
Investments in production facilities | 0.055*** | 0.056*** | 0.048*** |
(0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |
State-of-the-art technology | 0.029** | 0.032*** | 0.020 |
(0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
Establishment size 21–100 | −0.012 | −0.019 | −0.011 |
(0.015) | (0.018) | (0.016) | |
Establishment size 101–1,000 | −0.044** | −0.059*** | −0.043* |
(0.022) | (0.023) | (0.023) | |
Establishment size 1,001 and more | −0.040 | −0.058** | −0.030 |
(0.038) | (0.039) | (0.039) | |
Wages per employee | −0.011 | −0.012 | −0.021** |
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
Share of high-skilled workers | −0.041 | −0.044 | −0.047 |
(0.026) | (0.027) | (0.027) | |
Separations rate | −0.021 | −0.044 | −0.024 |
(0.055) | (0.056) | (0.059) | |
Share of fixed-term workers | 0.050 | 0.062 | 0.036 |
(0.065) | (0.067) | (0.085) | |
Works council | −0.009 | 0.001 | −0.019 |
(0.017) | (0.018) | (0.018) | |
Collective agreement | −0.011 | −0.009 | 0.010 |
(0.013) | (0.013) | (0.014) | |
Western Germany | 0.023* | 0.023 | 0.021 |
(0.014) | 0.014 | (0.015) | |
Establishment founded before 1990 | −0.024* | −0.025* | −0.032** |
(0.013) | (0.013) | (0.014) | |
Single-establishment firm (without subsidiaries) | −0.013 | −0.014 | −0.005 |
(0.015) | (0.015) | (0.016) | |
Legal form (omitted category: sole trader) | |||
Partnership | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
(0.024) | (0.024) | (0.025) | |
Limited liability corporation | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.011 |
(0.017) | (0.018) | (0.018) | |
Company limited by shares | −0.021 | −0.024 | 0.012 |
(0.033) | (0.034) | (0.036) | |
Public corporation | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.040 |
(0.155) | (0.155) | (0.144) | |
Other legal form | 0.025 | 0.034 | 0.126 |
(0.068) | (0.073) | (0.089) | |
R 2 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
N | 2,523 | 2,433 | 2,002 |