Variable | Specification | ||
---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
Expanded use of bought-in products and services, 2002–2004 | 0.057** | ||
(0.028) | |||
Ratio of externally sourced inputs to value added, 2002 | 0.001 | ||
(0.001) | |||
Change in ratio of externally sourced inputs to value added, 2002–2004 | −0.001 | ||
(0.0005) | |||
Sales per employee | 5.45e-06 | 4.00e-06 | 8.66e-06 |
(6.52e-06) | (6.55e-06) | (6.23e-06) | |
Export share | −0.0003 | −0.0002 | −0.001 |
(0.001) | (0.0006) | (0.0006) | |
Increasing sales expected | 0.061*** | 0.060*** | 0.060*** |
(0.016) | (0.017) | (0.018) | |
Investments in ICT | 0.042*** | 0.043*** | 0.038** |
(0.016) | (0.016) | (0.017) | |
Investments in production facilities | 0.019 | 0.020* | 0.023 |
(0.015) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |
State-of-the-art technology | 0.001 | −0.0001 | 0.002 |
(0.015) | (0.015) | (0.016) | |
Establishment size 21–100 | −0.002 | −0.001 | 0.007 |
(0.017) | (0.017) | (0.018) | |
Establishment size 101–1,000 | −0.061** | −0.068** | −0.046* |
(0.025) | (0.026) | (0.028) | |
Establishment size 1,001 and more | −0.032 | −0.040 | −0.001 |
(0.055) | (0.057) | (0.068) | |
Wages per employee | −0.003 | −0,002 | −0.002 |
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |
Share of high-skilled workers | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.021 |
(0.026) | (0.028) | (0.030) | |
Separations rate | 0.101 | 0.122 | −0.025 |
(0.052) | (0.053) | (0.064) | |
Share of fixed-term workers | 0.106 | 0.121** | 0.191*** |
(0.058) | (0.059) | (0.065) | |
Works council | −0.005 | 0.002 | −0.0002 |
(0.021) | (0.022) | (0.023) | |
Collective agreement | −0.003 | −0.011 | −0.015 |
(0.015) | (0.016) | (0.017) | |
Western Germany | 0.035** | 0.038** | 0.038** |
(0.016) | (0.017) | (0.017) | |
Establishment founded before 1990 | −0.003 | 0.005 | 0.008 |
(0.015) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |
Single-establishment firm (without subsidiaries) | −0.019 | −0.021 | −0.012 |
(0.017) | (0.017) | (0.018) | |
Legal form (omitted category: sole trader) | |||
Partnership | −0.013 | −0.024 | −0.028 |
(0.024) | (0.025) | (0.026) | |
Limited liability corporation | 0.021 | 0.023 | 0.006 |
(0.019) | (0.020) | (0.021) | |
Company limited by shares | 0.032 | 0.032 | −0.032 |
(0.037) | (0.039) | (0.043) | |
Public corporation | 0.082 | 0.040 | 0.051 |
(0.079) | (0.086) | (0.103) | |
Other legal form | −0.022 | −0.042 | −0.029 |
(0.043) | (0.045) | (0.046) | |
R 2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
N | 2,018 | 1,880 | 1,493 |