Table 7 Summary statistics of variables in the sample

Multi-year low-wage workers

Female (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.728

0.445

Age 15–24 (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.138

0.345

Age 25–34 (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.277

0.447

Age 35–49 (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.434

0.496

Age 50–57 (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.152

0.359

School leaving certificate without vocational training (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.192

0.394

Secondary school certificate with vocational training (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.614

0.487

High school certificate with vocational training (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.013

0.111

University degree (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.006

0.079

Education unknown (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.176

0.380

Foreigner (1 \( = \) yes)

28,173

0.100

0.300

Unskilled manual occupations (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.189

0.391

Skilled manual occupations (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.125

0.331

Unskilled services (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.209

0.407

Skilled services (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.130

0.336

Unskilled commercial and administrative occupations (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.155

0.362

Skilled commercial and administrative occupations (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.166

0.372

Semi-professions (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.023

0.149

Occupation type unknown (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.003

0.058

Plant with 1–20 employees (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.584

0.493

Plant with 21–100 employees (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.249

0.433

Plant with 101–500 employees (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.137

0.344

Plant with more than 500 employees (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.029

0.169

Percentage of women in the plant

28,184

60.439

31.586

Percentage of highly-qualified workers in the plant

26,710

4.989

12.555

Percentage of workers aged 15–24 in the plant

28,184

16.428

17.370

Percentage of workers aged 25–34 in the plant

28,184

26.830

19.047

Percentage of workers aged 35–49 in the plant

28,184

37.483

21.123

Percentage of workers older than 49 years in the plant

28,184

19.259

18.472

Percentage of low-wage workers in the plant

28,111

63.767

31.971

Percentage of foreign workers in the plant

28,111

8.948

19.590

Plant located in eastern Germany (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.232

0.422

Change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,327

0.400

0.490

Change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.415

0.493

1–20 employees × change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,327

0.234

0.423

21–100 employees × change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,327

0.103

0.304

101–500 employees × change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,327

0.054

0.225

More than 500 employees × change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,327

0.009

0.097

Percentage of low-paid workers × change of plant (1 \( = \) yes)

20,283

26.576

37.885

Unskilled manual occupations × change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.084

0.277

Skilled manual occupations × change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.063

0.242

Unskilled services × change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.092

0.290

Skilled services × change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.045

0.207

Unskilled comm. and admin. occupations × change of occ. type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.064

0.244

Skilled comm. and admin. occupations × change of occ. type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.058

0.233

Semi-professions × change of occupation type (1 \( = \) yes)

28,184

0.009

0.092

All full-time workers 1998/99

Regional unemployment rate in June 1997

241,354

12.212

4.287

Low-wage employment in 1997 (1 \( = \) yes)

241,742

0.120

0.325

Years of work experience between 1993–1997

241,742

4.336

1.165

Part-time/marginal employed in 1997 (1 \( = \) yes)

241,742

0.021

0.145