Table 3 Comparison of pooled logit and heterogeneous choice model, full specification 1996–2005

Time trend t

0.03^∗∗

(2.01)

−0.02

(−0.32)

Age group (Ref. 56–65)

Age 16–25

1.70^∗∗∗

(27.83)

1.69^∗∗∗

(25.91)

t^∗ age 16–25

0.05^∗∗∗

(4.60)

0.08^∗∗

(2.08)

Age 26–35

1.09^∗∗∗

(19.26)

1.09^∗∗∗

(18.68)

t^∗ age 26–35

−0.00

(−0.04)

0.02

(0.70)

Age 36–45

0.58^∗∗∗

(9.93)

0.57^∗∗∗

(9.60)

t^∗ age 36–45

0.00

(0.16)

0.01

(0.68)

Age 46–55

0.13^∗∗

(2.09)

0.13^∗∗

(2.05)

t^∗ age 46–55

−0.01

(−1.21)

−0.01

(−1.10)

Education (Ref. university)

Elementary

−0.85^∗∗∗

(−15.88)

−0.86^∗∗∗

(−15.51)

t^∗ elementary

0.03^∗∗∗

(3.03)

0.02

(1.46)

Elementary \( + \) voc

−1.12^∗∗∗

(−23.48)

−1.12^∗∗∗

(−22.92)

t^∗ elementary \( + \) voc

0.03^∗∗∗

(3.49)

0.02

(1.03)

Intermediate/full secondary

−0.46^∗∗∗

(−8.02)

−0.47^∗∗∗

(−7.83)

t^∗ intermediate/full secondary

0.00

(0.47)

−0.00

(−0.07)

Intermediate/full secondary \( + \) voc

−1.22^∗∗∗

(−27.82)

−1.22^∗∗∗

(−27.13)

t^∗ intermediate/full secondary \( + \) voc

0.04^∗∗∗

(4.89)

0.03

(1.47)

Higher technical college

−0.96^∗∗∗

(−17.26)

−0.96^∗∗∗

(−16.86)

t^∗ higher technical college

0.02^∗

(1.72)

0.01

(0.38)

Occupational class (Ref. higher service (I))

Lower service (II)

−0.57^∗∗∗

(−13.03)

−0.57^∗∗∗

(−12.69)

t^∗ lower service (II)

0.00

(0.06)

−0.01

(−0.58)

Routine clericals (IIIa)

−0.43^∗∗∗

(−8.19)

−0.43^∗∗∗

(−7.99)

t^∗ routine clericals (IIIa)

0.00

(0.26)

−0.00

(−0.26)

Routine service/sales (IIIb)

−0.30^∗∗∗

(−5.71)

−0.30^∗∗∗

(−5.56)

t^∗ routine service/sales (IIIb)

0.01

(0.90)

0.01

(0.47)

Skilled manual (VI)

−0.38^∗∗∗

(−6.88)

−0.38^∗∗∗

(−6.66)

t^∗ skilled manual (VI)

−0.00

(−0.08)

−0.01

(−0.52)

Semi-/unskilled manuals (VII)

−0.25^∗∗∗

(−5.09)

−0.26^∗∗∗

(−4.98)

t^∗ semi-/unskilled manual (VII)

−0.00

(−0.16)

−0.00

(−0.46)

Constant

−3.26^∗∗∗

(−45.43)

3.26^∗∗∗

(44.21)

Residual variation \( {\rm ln} (\sigma ^{-2}) \)

Time trend t

–

–

0.01

(0.88)

Log Likelihood

−102,969.9

–

−102,969.5

–

N

571,017

–

571,017

–