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Table 4 Estimations results (base version of \({\text{diff}}_{{{\text{ij}}}}\))

From: Cultural and economic integration of immigrants in Canada: “Do you play Hockey?”

 

OLS

O-Probit

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

 

imm

lang

race

imm

lang

race

Winter

0.291***

0.313***

0.334***

0.232***

0.249***

0.265***

 

(0.0174)

(0.0169)

(0.0176)

(0.0147)

(0.0143)

(0.0149)

Interaction

0.233***

0.250***

− 0.0673

0.194***

0.232***

− 0.0395

 

(0.0513)

(0.0863)

(0.0516)

(0.0434)

(0.0710)

(0.0431)

Lang

− 0.289***

− 0.308***

− 0.293***

− 0.260***

− 0.277***

− 0.263***

 

(0.0217)

(0.0221)

(0.0218)

(0.0193)

(0.0198)

(0.0193)

Race

− 0.294***

− 0.297***

− 0.292***

− 0.245***

− 0.248***

− 0.245***

 

(0.0149)

(0.0148)

(0.0154)

(0.0127)

(0.0127)

(0.0132)

Imm

− 0.149***

− 0.127***

-0.128***

− 0.120***

− 0.103***

− 0.103***

 

(0.0160)

(0.0155)

(0.0155)

(0.0135)

(0.0132)

(0.0132)

Male

0.692***

0.692***

0.693***

0.575***

0.575***

0.575***

 

(0.00911)

(0.00911)

(0.00912)

(0.00794)

(0.00794)

(0.00794)

Age

0.0523***

0.0522***

0.0522***

0.0473***

0.0472***

0.0472***

 

(0.00131)

(0.00131)

(0.00131)

(0.00115)

(0.00115)

(0.00115)

Educ

0.407***

0.407***

0.407***

0.347***

0.346***

0.346***

 

(0.00355)

(0.00355)

(0.00355)

(0.00342)

(0.00342)

(0.00343)

Size

0.0355***

0.0353***

0.0347***

0.0178***

0.0177***

0.0172***

 

(0.00431)

(0.00431)

(0.00431)

(0.00366)

(0.00366)

(0.00366)

Constant

1.111***

1.111***

1.111***

   
 

(0.0320)

(0.0320)

(0.0320)

   

Observations

291,978

291,978

291,978

291,978

291,978

291,978

R2

0.225

0.225

0.225

   
  1. OLS indicates OLS results, O-Probit indicates Ordered Probit results. Lower-level column names indicate the variable used as \({\mathrm{diff}}_{\mathrm{ij}}\). Standard errors are reported in parentheses. Variables of interest are in bold. Control variables include age, education, gender, household size, race, province and year fixed effects. Survey’s personal-level weights are used in the estimation. Significance at the one, five and ten percent level are indicated by three, two and one asterisks, respectively