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Table 4 Estimates among initially manual groups for parallel health-mediation of job quality from 2011 to 2014 on non-employment in 2018

From: Job quality continuity and change in later working life and the mediating role of mental and physical health on employment participation

Direct effect estimates

n

 

Mental health (R2 = 0.09)

 

Physical health (R2 = 0.05)

 

Non-employment (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.13)

 

B

[95% CI]

 

B

[95% CI]

 

OR

[95% CI]

Job quality change group

 

PQ-PQ (– –)

228

 

−6.45

[−8.09; −4.80]

 

−2.38

[−3.82; −0.94]

 

1.50

[0.82; 2.74]

 

PQ-SnM (– –)

74

 

−5.49

[−7.99; −2.98]

 

0.21

[−2.00; 2.43]

 

0.50

[0.15; 1.75]

 

PQ-RM (– +)

164

 

−1.76

[−3.83; −0.15]

 

−0.64

[−2.19; 0.92]

 

0.74

[0.32; 1.69]

 

PQ-SR (– +)

45

 

−0.07

[−3.12; 2.98]

 

0.11

[−2.17; 2.38]

 

1.23

[0.35; 4.36]

 

RM-PQ (+ –)

130

 

−4.45

[−6.26; −2.61]

 

−0.72

[−2.53; 1.10]

 

1.49

[0.73; 3.05]

 

RM-SnM (+ –)

60

 

−3.90

[−6.93; −0.87]

 

2.47

[−0.05; 4.99]

 

0.46

[0.10; 2.05]

 

RM-SR (+ +)

175

 

0.08

[−1.54; 1.70]

 

3.13

[1.64; 4.62]

 

0.45

[0.15; 1.32]

 

RM-RM (+ +)

447

 

(ref)

–

 

(ref)

–

 

(ref)

–

Mental health

1,323

       

0.95

[0.92; 0.97]

Physical health

1,323

       

0.96

[0.94; 0.98]

Indirect effect estimates

n

 

Mental health on Non-employment

 

Physical health on Non-employment

  
 

OR

[95% CI]

 

OR

[95% CI]

  

Job quality change group

  
 

PQ-PQ (– –)

288

 

1.44

[1.23; 1.76]

 

1.11

[1.03; 1.22]

  
 

PQ-SnM (– –)

74

 

1.36

[1.15; 1.70]

 

0.99

[0.90; 1.10]

  
 

PQ-RM (– +)

164

 

1.11

[1.01; 1.24]

 

1.03

[0.96; 1.11]

  
 

PQ-SR (– +)

45

 

1.00

[0.84; 1.20]

 

1.00

[0.90; 1.10]

  
 

RM-PQ (+ –)

130

 

1.29

[1.14; 1.51]

 

1.03

[0.96; 1.13]

  
 

RM-SnM (+ –)

60

 

1.25

[1.05; 1.55]

 

0.90

[0.78; 1.00]

  
 

RM-SR (+ +)

175

 

1.00

[0.91; 1.10]

 

0.87

[0.78; 0.95]

  
 

RM-RM (+ +)

447

 

(ref)

–

 

(ref)

–

  
  1. N = 1,323; all effects adjusted for cohort and sex; coefficients significant at p < 0.05 are presented in bold; B = unstandardised linear regression coefficient; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; ref = reference category; PQ-PQ = Poor Quality 2011 + 2014, PQ-RM = Poor Quality 2011/Relaxed Manual 2014, PQ-SnM = Poor Quality 2011/Strained non-Manual 2014, PQ-SR = Poor Quality 2011/Smooth Running 2014, RM-PQ = Relaxed Manual 2011/Poor Quality 2014, RM-RM = Relaxed Manual 2011 + 2014, RM-SnM = Relaxed Manual 2011/Strained non-Manual 2014, RM-SR = Relaxed Manual 2011/Smooth Running 2014; (– –) denotes adverse job quality in 2011 and 2014, (– +) adverse job quality in 2011 and favourable quality in 2014, (+ –) favourable quality in 2011 and adverse quality in 2014, and (+ +) favourable job quality in 2011 and 2014.