Table 1 Descriptive statistics for men and women in 1984 and 2020, selected controls

Panel (a): 1984

Log gross hourly wage

1.707

0.426

1.380

0.530

0.327

Young 16–29 years

0.214

0.410

0.414

0.493

− 0.200

Adult 30–39 years

0.277

0.448

0.231

0.422

0.046

Adult 40–49 years

0.307

0.461

0.238

0.426

0.069

Old 50–65 years

0.231

0.421

0.140

0.347

0.091

Full-time experience (in years)

19.409

11.489

12.268

10.175

7.141

Past part-time experience (in years)

0.152

0.985

1.402

4.040

− 1.250

Tenure (in years)

12.496

9.846

8.131

7.498

4.365

Basic secondary education (Hauptschule)

0.613

0.487

0.495

0.500

0.118

Secondary education (Realschule)

0.158

0.365

0.298

0.458

− 0.140

Upper secondary education (Abitur)

0.147

0.354

0.130

0.336

0.017

Other degree

0.054

0.226

0.040

0.196

0.014

No degree

0.029

0.167

0.037

0.188

− 0.008

Married

0.736

0.441

0.476

0.500

0.260

Migration

0.126

0.332

0.125

0.331

0.001

Public sector

0.265

0.441

0.308

0.462

− 0.043

Small firm <200 employees

0.146

0.353

0.238

0.426

− 0.092

Medium firm 200–1999 employees

0.279

0.448

0.284

0.451

− 0.005

Large firm > 1999 employees

0.575

0.494

0.477

0.500

0.098

At least one child

0.685

0.465

0.411

0.492

0.274

Children < 3 years

0.114

0.318

0.067

0.250

0.047

Children between 3 and 6 years

0.097

0.296

0.031

0.173

0.066

Observations

2855

1209

4064

Panel (b): 2020

Log gross hourly wage

3.220

0.427

3.054

0.402

0.166

Young 16–29 years

0.105

0.307

0.121

0.326

− 0.016

Adult 30–39 years

0.286

0.452

0.261

0.439

0.025

Adult 40–49 years

0.232

0.422

0.244

0.430

− 0.012

Old 50–65 years

0.403

0.491

0.398

0.490

0.005

Full-time experience (in years)

20.215

12.272

14.226

10.872

5.989

Past part-time experience (in years)

1.184

2.703

5.472

6.972

− 4.288

Tenure (in years)

12.933

11.676

11.604

10.713

1.329

Basic secondary education (Hauptschule)

0.218

0.413

0.136

0.343

0.082

Secondary education (Realschule)

0.249

0.433

0.278

0.448

− 0.029

Upper secondary education (Abitur)

0.379

0.485

0.435

0.496

− 0.056

Other degree

0.112

0.316

0.088

0.283

0.024

No degree

0.041

0.199

0.063

0.244

− 0.022

Married

0.572

0.495

0.397

0.489

0.175

Migration

0.248

0.432

0.229

0.420

0.019

Public sector

0.176

0.381

0.331

0.471

− 0.155

Small firm < 200 employees

0.117

0.321

0.149

0.356

− 0.032

Medium firm 200–1999 employees

0.221

0.415

0.231

0.422

− 0.010

Large firm > 1999 employees

0.662

0.473

0.620

0.486

0.042

At least one child

0.326

0.469

0.260

0.439

0.066

Children < 3 years

0.135

0.342

0.064

0.245

0.071

Children between 3 and 6 years

0.071

0.258

0.041

0.199

0.030

Observations

2623

1515

4138