From: Gender wage gap in European emerging markets: a meta-analytic perspective
Study type | Number of estimates (K) | Mean | Median | S.D | Max | Min | Kurtosis | Skewness | t- testa | Shapiro–Wilk normality test (z)b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All studies By EU membership status | 670 | − 0.173 | − 0.165 | 0.115 | 0.055 | − 0.570 | 2.708 | − 0.332 | − 38.893*** | 4.371†††|
 2004 member | 265 | − 0.186 | − 0.179 | 0.117 | 0.007 | − 0.445 | 2.076 | − 0.193 | − 25.879*** | 4.185†††|
 2007 and 2013 member | 85 | − 0.147 | − 0.132 | 0.122 | 0.024 | − 0.390 | 1.893 | − 0.245 | − 11.153*** | 2.846†††|
 Membership candidate | 19 | − 0.009 | 0.033 | 0.086 | 0.054 | − 0.183 | 2.882 | − 1.278 | − 0.450 | 4.108†††|
 Nonmember      By period | 301 | − 0.179 | − 0.165 | 0.104 | 0.055 | − 0.570 | 3.902 | − 0.745 | − 29.884*** | 4.646†††|
 1995 or before | 163 | − 0.233 | − 0.227 | 0.117 | 0.024 | − 0.445 | 2.197 | 0.240 | − 25.284*** | 2.562†††|
 1996–2005 | 300 | − 0.181 | − 0.176 | 0.103 | 0.055 | − 0.570 | 3.448 | − 0.295 | − 30.586*** | 2.666†††|
 2006 or later | 207 | − 0.114 | − 0.102 | 0.102 | 0.054 | − 0.517 | 4.478 | − 0.989 | − 16.009*** | 4.961†††|