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Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 6 Model estimates of heterogenous lockdown effects on employment probabilities, by formality and lockdown stringency.

From: Lockdown stringency and employment formality: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

Dependent variable:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Employment

Formal sector employment

Informal sector employment

Lockdown level:

5

4

3

5

4

3

5

4

3

Treatment × post

 − 0.036***

 − 0.038***

 − 0.055**

0.008

0.003

 − 0.083***

 − 0.041***

 − 0.053***

0.022

 

(0.013)

(0.013)

(0.027)

(0.012)

(0.011)

(0.026)

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.018)

Time-varying controls

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Individual FE

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Constant

0.740

0.840

2.230

1.583*

0.763

1.796

 − 0.626

0.378

0.956

 

(0.909)

(0.993)

(1.357)

(0.863)

(0.934)

(1.261)

(0.759)

(0.771)

(1.078)

Observations

9830

10,116

5978

9830

10,116

5978

9830

10,116

5978

R2

0.800

0.801

0.801

0.864

0.870

0.878

0.783

0.796

0.808

  1. This table presents estimates of \(\upgamma\) from specification (1) by lockdown level for varying binary dependent variables. Sample restricted to the working-age population (15–64 years) as of 2020Q1. Lockdown levels range from 5 (most stringent) to 3 (most lenient). FE = fixed effects. Standard errors presented in parentheses and are clustered at the panel level. All estimates weighted using sampling weights. ‘Post’ coefficient omitted for brevity. Time-varying controls include age, highest education level, and employment type. Each model controls for individual FEs and as such time-invariant observables are not included
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10
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