From: Lockdown stringency and employment formality: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POLS | POLS | POLS | FE | DiD (POLS) | DiD (POLS) | DiD (FE) | |
Treatment | − 0.046*** | − 0.046*** | − 0.036*** | − 0.030*** | − 0.020*** | ||
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.007) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |||
Post | − 0.133*** | − 0.123*** | − 0.117*** | − 0.122*** | − 0.111*** | − 0.105*** | |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | ||
Treatment × post | − 0.028*** | − 0.028*** | − 0.029*** | ||||
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |||||
Time-varying controls | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
Time-invariant controls | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N |
Individual FE | N | N | N | Y | N | N | Y |
Constant | 0.720*** | 0.799*** | − 0.259*** | 1.107* | 0.792*** | − 0.267*** | 1.079* |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.053) | (0.603) | (0.005) | (0.053) | (0.602) | |
Observations | 26,286 | 26,286 | 26,069 | 26,069 | 26,286 | 26,069 | 26,069 |
R2 | 0.002 | 0.023 | 0.193 | 0.800 | 0.023 | 0.193 | 0.800 |