Fig. 2From: Lockdown stringency and employment formality: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in South AfricaSource: QLFS 2018Q1–2020Q1 (Statistics South Africa 2018a, b, c, d, 2019a, b, c, d, 2020b). Notes: This figure presents estimates of trends in mean outcome levels for the treatment (T) (not permitted to work) and control (C) (permitted to work) groups in the pre-treatment period by making use of cross-sectional data from 2018 to 2020. Estimates are presented for each lockdown stringency level which range from level 5 (L5) (most stringent) to L3 (most lenient). Sample restricted to the working-age population (15–64 years). All estimates are weighted using the sampling weights and account for the complex survey design. Spikes represent 95% confidence intervalsPre-treatment outcome dynamics, by outcome and lockdown stringency level. Author’s own calculations. Back to article page