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Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 7 Labour market outcomes of PhD graduates

From: Same degree but different outcomes: an analysis of labour market outcomes for native and international PhD students in Australia

 

Working hours

Employed full-time

Employed in higher education

Over-educated+

Looking for a new job

Pooled data

     

Native NESB

 − 1.28***

(.233)

.012

(.010)

.007

(.011)

.011

(.008)

.099***

(.014)

Foreign ESB

 − 1.14*

(.650)

 − .019

(.018)

.071***

(.024)

.016

(.012)

.077***

(.027)

Foreign NESB

 − 3.89***

(.471)

 − .068***

(.018)

.129***

(.016)

.011

(.009)

.133***

(.015)

Adj. R2

.0697

.0551

.0371

.0268

.0420

Nr observations

19,087

19,087

19,087

19,087

19,087

STEM

     

Native NESB

 − 1.72***

(.275)

 − .027**

(.010)

.037***

(.012)

.011

(.009)

.102***

(.017)

Foreign ESB

 − .752

(.852)

 − .018

(.021)

.055

(.034)

.016

(.012)

.054

(.038)

Foreign NESB

 − 3.68***

(.484)

 − .080***

(.017)

.149***

(.017)

.015

(.011)

.116***

(.017)

Adj. R2

.0710

.0471

.0468

.0287

.0455

Nr observations

9,860

    

Humanities

     

Native NESB

 − 2.05***

(.460)

 − .007

(.018)

.039**

(.018)

.010

(.009)

.148***

(.024)

Foreign ESB

 − 2.62**

(1.06)

 − .071*

(.041)

.150***

(.035)

.040

(.026)

.128**

(.054)

Foreign NESB

 − 7.77***

(.916)

 − .207***

(.034)

.193***

(.036)

.024

(.019)

.260***

(.032)

Adj. R2

.1020

.0785

.0534

.0380

.0564

Nr observations

6,380

    

Medicine and health

Native NESB

 − 1.44**

(.544)

.003

(.017)

 − .029

(.037)

.026**

(.012)

.074***

(.025)

Foreign ESB

 − 2.03*

(1.156)

 − .005

(.038)

.038

(.058)

 − .023

(.035)

.075

(.057)

Foreign NESB

 − 3.20***

(.764)

 − .020

(.036)

.093**

(.040)

 − .011

(.016)

.100***

(.022)

Adj. R2

.0953

.0743

.0688

.0637

.0344

Nr observations

2,846

    
  1. All observations with complete information. The reference group is the natives ESB. +Over-education defined as the difference between a person’s actual level of completed education and the level of education consistent with the job performed as classified by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, (https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/how-anzsco-works). The covariates used in the model are human capital controls (gender, age, age square, if disable, if Aboriginal, if English is main language spoken at home, if graduated from Go8 university, if worked in last year of study, mode of attendance, share of foreign students in same field of education and university), institutional and labour market controls (lagged average wage and lagged unemployment rate by field of study and year), and dummy variables for the survey year and the geographical location of the employer. Adjustment is made for selection into emigration. Standard errors are clustered by university. The signs *, **, and *** indicate p-values of < .1, < .05, and < .01, respectively
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