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Table 3 Summary statistics—working sample by main group restricted to those working in Australia

From: Same degree but different outcomes: an analysis of labour market outcomes for native and international PhD students in Australia

Working in Australia

Natives ESB

Natives NESB

Foreign ESB

Foreign NESB

Share

.707

.181

.029

.083

Wage (annual A$)

60,998

(23,446)

59,392*

(22,960)

58,321

(23,265)

54,637***

(23,252)

Ln hourly wage

3.39

(.319)

3.41**

(.322)

3.40

(.315)

3.40*

(.320)

Age

33.2

(5.63)

33.7***

(5.28)

31.7***

(4.28)

32.8

(4.46)

Females (share)

.540

(.498)

.424***

(.494)

.463***

(.499)

.336***

(.472)

Go8 university

.569

(.495)

.625***

(.484)

.600

(.490)

.566

(.496)

Field of study: STEM

.471

(.499)

.609***

(.488)

.605***

(.489)

.676***

(.468)

Humanities

.374

(.484)

.237***

(.425)

.280***

(.449)

.212***

(.409)

Medicine & Health

.154

(.361)

.154

(.361)

.115

(.319)

.112**

(.316)

Worked in last year

.856

(.351)

.763***

(.425)

.706***

(.456)

.636***

(.481)

Employer public sector

.695

(.460)

.655***

(.475)

.666

(.472)

.671*

(.470)

Employer private

.230

(.421)

.275***

(.471)

.233

(.423)

.236

(.424)

Employer other

.075

(.264)

.069

(.254)

.101

(.301)

.093

(.291)

In part-time work

.329

(.470)

.391***

(.488)

.505***

(.500)

.536***

(.499)

Nr observations

13,496

3,449

547

1,595

  1. Source: GDS, 1999–2015. The working sample is restricted to PhD graduates aged 25–45 at the time of the data collection. This cut-off reflects international practice (OECD, 2019), to reduce the heterogeneity of the PhD student population, which includes age ranging 23–80 + . The t-test of mean difference shows the null of no difference with ESB natives, which is rejected at the 1% (‘***’), 5% (‘**’) or 10% (‘*’) level of statistical significance