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Table 2 Summary statistics—original sample and working sample restricted to those working in Australia

From: Same degree but different outcomes: an analysis of labour market outcomes for native and international PhD students in Australia

Original sample

Natives

Foreigners

Difference

Share

.818

.182

 

Unemployed

.060

(.024)

.103

(.030)

 − .043***

Works in Australia

.912

(.283)

.402

(.490)

.510***

N (original sample)

35,549

7,943

 

Working in Australia

  

Share

.888

.112

 

Wage (annual A$)

60,671

(23,356)

55,577

(23,305)

 − 5,094***

Ln hourly wage

3.40

(.320)

3.40

(.317)

0.0

Age

33.26

(5.55)

32.55

(4.42)

 − .71

Females (share)

.521

(.499)

.367

(.482)

 − .154***

English spoken at home

.797

(.402)

.255

(.436)

 − .542***

Go8 university

.581

(.493)

.580

(.494)

 − .001

Field of study: STEM

.499

(.500)

.656

(.475)

.157***

Humanities

.348

(.476)

.229

(.421)

 − .119***

Medicine and Health

.154

(.361)

.115

(.319)

 − .039***

Worked in last year

.837

(.370)

.652

(.476)

 − .185***

Employer public sector

.685

(.465)

.665

(.472)

 − .020

Employer private

.239

(.426)

.238

(.426)

0.001

Employer other

.076

(.265)

.097

(.296)

.021

In part-time work

.341

(.474)

.528

(.499)

.187***

N (working sample)

16,945

2,142

 
  1. Source: GDS, 1999–2015. The working sample is restricted to PhD graduates aged 25–45 at the time of the data collection. This cut-off reflects international practice (OECD, 2019), to reduce the heterogeneity of the PhD student population, which includes age ranging 23–80 + . The t-test of mean difference shows the null of no difference, which is rejected at the 1% (‘***’), 5% (‘**’) or 10% (‘*’) level of statistical significance