Table 3 Pairwise significance tests of differences between survey participation coefficients by quarter and year, 2018–2020

Industry (Ref.: Agricultural/production)

   Energy/construction/logistic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Retail/hospitality/entertainment

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Finance/information/real estate

-

-

-

–/*

–/*

-

-

-

-

   Public/educ./health

–/**

–/*

-

-

-

–/*

+/*

-

–/*

   Other services

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Number of employees (Ref.: 1-9)

   10–19

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   20–49

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   50–249

+/*

+/*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   \(\ge\) 250

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Foundation year (Ref.: 70s/80s)

   90s

-

-

-

-

-

-

+/*

-

–/*

   00s

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

–/*

-

   10s

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Federal state aggregated (Ref.: Schleswig-Holstein + Hamburg)

   Lower Saxony + Bremen

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+/*

-

   North Rhine-Westphalia

-

-

+/*

-

-

-

-

+/*

-

   Hesse

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Rhineland-Palastine + Saarland

-

-

-

-

-

-

+/*

+/*

-

   Baden-Wuerttemberg

-

-

-

-

-

–/**

-

-

-

   Bavaria

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Brandenburg + Berlin

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

-

+/*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Saxony

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Saxony-Anhalt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Thuringia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Inhabitants in municipality (Ref.: < 15,000)

   15,000–99,999

-

-

-

-

-

-

+/*

+/*

-

   \(\ge\) 100,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

+/*

-

-

Establishment founded in sampling year

-

-

–/*

-

-

-

-

-

-

Early vs. late respondent (4th quarter)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Contact person provided in q’naire

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Telephone number provided in q’naire

-

–/*

–/*

–/*

–/*

-

-

-

-

Number of significant different coefficients

2

4

3

2

2

2

5

5

2