Table 10 Effects on wages—Robustness exercise

\([\text {a}]\) Migration Effect \((S_d)\)

− 0.005***

− 0.007***

− 0.006***

− 0.005***

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration Effect \((S_d)\) \(\times\) High-skilled

0.003***

(0.001)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration effect \((S_d)\) \(\times\) Formal

0.003***

(0.001)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration effect \((S_d)\) \(\times\) Women

0.001**

(0.001)

P-value wild bootstrap SE—\([\text {a}]\)

[0.012]

[0.008]

[0.012]

[0.012]

\([\text {a}] + [\text {b}]\)

-0.004***

-0.003***

-0.004***

P-Value wild bootstrap SE—\([\text {a}] + [\text {b}]\)

[0.036]

[0.039]

[0.027]

Observations

1,901,208

1,901,208

1,901,208

1,901,208

R2

0.366

0.369

0.391

0.367

\([\text {a}]\) Migration effect \((T_d)\)

-0.120***

-0.158***

-0.152***

-0.127***

(0.001)

(0.016)

(0.019)

(0.005)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration effect \((T_d)\) \(\times\) High-skilled

0.060*

(0.022)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration effect \((T_d)\) \(\times\) Formal

0.066*

(0.027)

\([\text {b}]\) Migration effect \((T_d)\) \(\times\) Women

0.016

(0.012)

P-value wild bootstrap SE—\([\text {a}]\)

[0.021]

[0.061]

[0.063]

[0.012]

\([\text {a}] + [\text {b}]\)

-0.098***

-0.086***

-0.112***

P-value wild bootstrap SE—\([\text {a}] + [\text {b}]\)

[0.027]

[0.063]

[0.021]

Observations

387,434

387,434

387,434

387,434

R2

0.385

0.389

0.411

0.385

Individual Ccontrols

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Department and time FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Industry FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

2010 trade volume \(\times\) Time FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes