Fig. 6

Share of recipients of short-time allowance, average working time reduction, and employment change by economic sector. B: Mining and quarrying; C: Manufacturing; D: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; E: Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities; F: Construction; G: Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; H: Transportation and storage; I: Accommodation and food service activities; J: Information and communication; K: Financial and insurance activities; L: Real estate activities; M: Professional, scientific and technical activities; N: Administrative and support service activities; O: Public administration and defence; compulsory social security; P: Education; Q: Human health and social work activities; R: Arts, entertainment and recreation; S: Other service activities. Short-time work refers to the share of recipients of short-time allowance by economic sector in May 2009 and April 2020 respectively (columns). The intensity of STW refers to the average reduction in working time of a short-time worker (in %) due to STW (dots) and is calculated by dividing the employment equivalent by short-time workers. Change in employment (diamonds) refers to the sum of employment subject to social security contributions (seasonally adjusted) and exclusively marginally paid employees by economic sector from March to April 2020. Data on marginally paid employees by sectors are only available since 2020. Hence no seasonally adjusted data are available. Given that employment is not provided in each economic sector, employment changes of the sectors B, D, E, L, M, O, U, R, S, T are approximated by the corresponding average employment changes by the sums of B + D + E, L + M, O + U, R + S + T. Sources: Federal Employment Agency; own calculations