Jobcenters’ strategies to promoting the inclusion of immigrant and native job seekers: a comparative analysis based on PASS survey data

Lehwess-Litzmann, René; Söhn, Janina

doi:10.1186/s12651-022-00313-8

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 2 Determinants of various ALMP measures by Jobcenters to job-seeking recipients of basic-income support (joint model)

From: Jobcenters’ strategies to promoting the inclusion of immigrant and native job seekers: a comparative analysis based on PASS survey data

Independent variables	Dependent variable: referral/offer made by the Jobcenter
Independent variables	Regular employment	Marginal employment	Assistance in applications	Reimbursement of application or travel costs	Program with employer or internship	Activation or placement voucher	Vocational (re-)training or course	No offer^a
Person category (reference: native basic income recipients looking for a job)
Basic income recipients looking for a job who immigrated during the past 4 years	− 0.123***	− 0.007	− 0.053***	− 0.201***	0.015	− 0.069***	0.139***	0.101***
Basic income recipients looking for a job who immigrated at least 5 years ago	0.039	0.060***	0.057**	− 0.114***	0.012	− 0.013	0.115***	0.008
Age (reference: 35 to 44 years)
18 to 24 years	0.035	0.053*	0.103***	0.048	0.131***	0.009	0.005	− 0.075***
25 to 34 years	0.015	0.024	0.032	0.046*	0.030*	0.011	0.014	− 0.035*
45 to 54 years	− 0.032	0.003	− 0.050**	− 0.056**	− 0.015	− 0.035**	− 0.054***	0.070***
55 to 64 years	− 0.089***	0.005	− 0.089***	− 0.090***	− 0.038**	− 0.063***	− 0.126***	0.142***
State of health: bad (reference: very good to less good)	− 0.028	− 0.008	− 0.035	− 0.069***	− 0.025	− 0.034*	− 0.056**	0.043*
Professional qualification (reference: none, lower-secondary school-leaving certificate at most)
None, but upper or intermediate secondary school-leaving certificate	0.031	− 0.033*	0.003	0.012	0.000	0.025	0.048**	− 0.002
Non-academic professional qualification	0.056***	− 0.018	0.031*	0.068***	0.002	0.032**	0.021	− 0.031*
Academic qualification (university or technical/teacher training college)	0.049*	− 0.070***	0.084***	0.101***	0.008	0.074***	0.046**	− 0.064***
Duration of current unemployment so far (reference: 12 to 23 months)
0 to 2 months	− 0.063***	− 0.019	− 0.057***	− 0.093***	− 0.041***	− 0.027*	− 0.068***	0.105***
3 to 11 months	0.034	− 0.005	0.017	− 0.012	− 0.025	0.010	0.001	− 0.015
24 months and more	− 0.057***	0.008	− 0.011	− 0.021	0.000	0.003	− 0.019	0.014
Gender and youngest child in household (reference: woman w/o children in household)
Mother with child aged 0 to 2 years	− 0.136***	− 0.067***	− 0.078**	− 0.210***	− 0.044**	− 0.081***	− 0.125***	0.288***
Mother with child aged 3 to 17 years	− 0.020	0.007	− 0.009	− 0.046*	0.005	− 0.009	− 0.012	0.021
Father with child aged 0 to 2 years	0.066*	− 0.022	0.081**	− 0.037	0.049*	0.031	0.019	− 0.018
Father with child aged 3 to 17 years	0.022	− 0.013	0.059*	− 0.012	0.037*	0.016	0.008	− 0.032
Man without children in household	0.015	− 0.010	0.048**	− 0.002	0.033**	0.023	0.010	− 0.014
Partner in household (reference: none)	− 0.057***	− 0.045***	− 0.044**	0.011	− 0.007	− 0.033**	− 0.030*	0.041**
Underemployment rate in federal state	− 0.010***	− 0.004*	− 0.015***	− 0.015***	− 0.004*	0.008***	− 0.004*	0.012***
Year (reference: 2015)
2016	− 0.018	0.005	0.005	− 0.001	0.012	0.003	0.006	0.010
2017	− 0.020	0.002	0.009	− 0.013	0.018	0.008	0.001	0.025
2018	− 0.024	− 0.013	− 0.024	− 0.057**	0.006	0.000	0.008	0.027
2019	− 0.004	− 0.027*	− 0.023	− 0.050**	0.030*	0.011	0.019	0.029
2020	0.034	0.000	0.042*	− 0.017	0.050***	0.052***	0.072***	− 0.027
Pseudo-R²	0.032	0.019	0.029	0.040	0.034	0.034	0.064	0.041
N (person-waves)	8226	8224	8221	8207	8228	8200	8225	8234

Source: IAB, PASS, Welle 14 v1, 2015–2020. Own calculations
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Logit model, reported as average marginal effects. The significant coefficients can be read as the impact of a one-unit change of the independent variable on the estimated probability of receiving the offer by the Jobcenter
^a“No offer” means “financial support to become self-employed” and “other offers” have also not been granted, neither integration or language courses

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