From: Justice perceptions of occupational training subsidies: findings from a factorial survey
Model 1a | Model 1b | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects coefficients | ||||
1. Vignette features | FE | Mixed + RI | Mixed + RI | Mixed + RI/RS |
Company size (ref: 30) | ||||
300 employees | − 4.163*** (0.897) | − 4.028*** (0.887) | − 3.993*** (0.888) | − 3.644*** (0.853) |
3000 employees | − 9.782*** (0.956) | − 9.567*** (0.937) | − 9.563*** (0.937) | − 9.689*** (0.885) |
30,000 employees | − 15.144*** (0.973) | − 15.016*** (0.957) | − 15.019*** (0.956) | − 14.484*** (0.938) |
Strong company (else: weak) | − 16.924*** (0.703) | − 16.869*** (0.697) | − 16.929*** (0.696) | − 16.766*** (0.683) |
Training for 15 people (else: two) | − 0.928 (0.668) | − 0.791 (0.659) | − 0.735 (0.660) | − 0.934 (0.632) |
Job at risk of automation (ref: nothing) | ||||
Already 25% replaceable | − 0.569 (0.914) | − 0.433 (0.881) | − 0.401 (0.879) | 0.092 (0.857) |
Already 75% replaceable | − 2.588** (0.948) | − 2.551** (0.924) | − 2.562** (0.922) | − 1.857* (0.893) |
Funding for 6 months (else: four weeks) | − 0.792 (0.724) | − 0.679 (0.690) | − 0.609 (0.688) | − 0.911 (0.619) |
2. Personal characteristics | ||||
Male (else: female) | − 6.214*** (1.560) | − 5.958*** (1.543) | ||
Age of respondent (ref: 50–64) | ||||
Age 18–34 | 5.439* (2.030) | 5.559* (2.002) | ||
Age 35–49 | 1.222 (1.793) | 1.523 (1.774) | ||
Age 65–78 | − 0.249 (4.030) | 0.124 (4.027) | ||
German region (ref: ‘Eastern States ‘) | ||||
German Southern States | − 2.720 (2.389) | − 3.288 (2.393) | ||
German Northern States | − 4.793 (2.416) | − 5.635* (2.425) | ||
German City States | 0.448 (3.279) | − 0.854 (3.257) | ||
Education (ref: A-levels/vocat. training) | ||||
No education | 6.380 (6.896) | 5.986 (6.567) | ||
(Technical) College | − 3.657* (1.576) | − 3.719* (1.561) | ||
Net hh-income/month (ref: 2000–2999) | ||||
Less than 1000 Euro | − 0.993 (4.460) | − 0.932 (4.364) | ||
1000–1499 Euro | 1.018 (3.347) | 0.514 (3.248) | ||
1500–1999 Euro | 6.178* (2.919) | 5.475 (2.944) | ||
3000–3999 Euro | 1.023 (2.358) | 0.183 (2.345) | ||
4000–4999 Euro | − 1.496 (2.615) | − 1.830 (2.605) | ||
5000 Euro or more | 2.638 (2.712) | 2.261 (2.681) | ||
Income not specified | − 1.390 (3.153) | − 2.239 (3.139) | ||
Party affiliation (ref: ‘Greens’) | ||||
CDU (Christian Democratic Union) | − 1.834 (2.836) | − 0.760 (2.813) | ||
CSU (Christian Social Union) | − 6.275 (4.633) | − 5.731 (4.682) | ||
SPD (Social Democratic Party) | − 0.005 (2.594) | 0.251 (2.593) | ||
AfD (Alternative for Germany) | − 0.812 (4.767) | − 0.416 (4.758) | ||
FDP (Free Democratic Party) | − 9.216* (3.373) | − 8.543* (3.322) | ||
Die Linke (The Left) | − 1.059 (3.051) | − 1.901 (2.994) | ||
Other party (not in parliament) | 2.353 (4.574) | 2.289 (4.620) | ||
Not specified | 2.027 (2.029) | 2.264 (2.002) | ||
Unemployment benefit (else: no) | 0.921 (1.708) | 0.734 (1.697) | ||
Unemployed responsibility (else: no) | 1.890 (2.545) | 2.412 (2.520) | ||
Difficulty with new work tech (ref: no) | ||||
Difficulty with new tech | 3.969 (2.489) | 3.861 (2.436) | ||
Not applicable (no work) | 0.264 (2.170) | 0.325 (2.166) | ||
Constant | 62.778*** (1.262) | 66.889*** (3.693) | 67.326*** (3.681) | |
Random effects (RE) coefficients | ||||
Sd (constant) | 22.670*** (0.524) | 21.774*** (0.509) | 26.984*** (0.776) | |
Sd (residual) | 17.873*** (0.327) | 17.873*** (0.327) | 12.703*** (0.502) | |
Sd (strong company) | 14.899*** (0.937) | |||
Sd (25% replaceable) | 13.116*** (1.503) | |||
Sd (75% replaceable) | 13.170*** (1.487) | |||
Sd (subsidize 15) | 10.051*** (1.416) | |||
Corr (strong company, 25% replaceable) | 0.179 (0.108) | |||
Corr (strong company, 75% replaceable) | 0.014 (0.101) | |||
Corr (strong company, subsidize 15) | 0.122 (0.092) | |||
Corr (strong company, constant) | − 0.431*** (0.047) | |||
Corr (25% replaceable, 75% replaceable) | 0.189 (0.145) | |||
Corr (25% replaceable, subsidize 15) | − 0.086 (0.124) | |||
Corr (25% replaceable, constant) | − 0.263*** (0.070) | |||
Corr (75% replaceable, subsidize 15) | 0.253 (0.143) | |||
Corr (75% replaceable, constant) | − 0.224*** (0.067) | |||
Corr (subsidize 15, constant) | − 0.390*** (0.061) | |||
Model fit criteria | ||||
Information criteria: (1) AIC; (2) BIC | (1) 1040; (2) 1083 | (1) 36,810; (2) 36,879 | (1) 36,796; (2) 37,042 | (1) 36,545; (2) 36,879 |
R2: McFadden; Lvl. 1&2 Snijders/Bosker | 0.203 (MF) | 0.106; 0.013 (S/B) | 0.148; 0.080 (S/B) | 0.148; 0.080 (S/B) |