Table 6 Granger Causality for Unemployment Rates by Race in the US
From: The impact of the coronavirus on African American unemployment: lessons from history
| Equation | Excluded | \({\chi }^{2}\) | df | Prob > \({\chi }^{2}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A. Granger Causality Tests—Full Sample | ||||
| ΔUER_AA | ΔUER_W | 31.17 | 7 | 0.000 |
| ΔUER_L | 9.110 | 7 | 0.245 | |
| ALL | 70.77 | 14 | 0.000 | |
| ΔUER_W | ΔUER_AA | 17.54 | 7 | 0.014 |
| ΔUER_L | 6.10 | 7 | 0.528 | |
| ALL | 22.89 | 14 | 0.062 | |
| ΔUER_L | ΔUER_AA | 11.19 | 7 | 0.131 |
| ΔUER_W | 55.74 | 7 | 0.000 | |
| ALL | 88.42 | 14 | 0.000 | |
| Panel B. Granger Causality Test—Pre 2008 Sample | ||||
| Equation | Excluded | \({\chi }^{2}\) | df | Prob > \({\chi }^{2}\) |
| ΔUER_AA | ΔUER_W | 12.12 | 7 | 0.097 |
| ΔUER_L | 13.79 | 7 | 0.055 | |
| ALL | 39.52 | 14 | 0.000 | |
| ΔUER_W | ΔUER_AA | 12.35 | 7 | 0.014 |
| ΔUER_L | 5.823 | 7 | 0.528 | |
| ALL | 17.69 | 14 | 0.062 | |
| ΔUER_L | ΔUER_AA | 11.19 | 7 | 0.141 |
| ΔUER_W | 55.74 | 7 | 0.000 | |
| ALL | 88.42 | 14 | 0.000 | |
| Panel C. Granger Causality Test—Post 2008 Sample | ||||
| Equation | Excluded | \({\chi }^{2}\) | df | Prob > \({\chi }^{2}\) |
| ΔUER_AA | ΔUER_W | 9.22 | 2 | 0.010 |
| ΔUER_L | 2.31 | 2 | 0.314 | |
| ALL | 9.27 | 4 | 0.055 | |
| ΔUER_W | ΔUER_AA | 1.78 | 2 | 0.412 |
| ΔUER_L | 0.55 | 2 | 0.758 | |
| ALL | 2.13 | 4 | 0.713 | |
| ΔUER_L | ΔUER_AA | 0.916 | 2 | 0.632 |
| ΔUER_W | 5.657 | 2 | 0.059 | |
| ALL | 6.749 | 4 | 0.050 | |