Table 3 Unit root tests for unemployment rates for the U.S
From: The impact of the coronavirus on African American unemployment: lessons from history
Variable | ADF | Phillips-Perron |
|---|---|---|
Panel A. Full Sample Period | ||
 Total | − 1.574 | − 0.908 |
 ΔTotal | − 4.701*** | − 18.178*** |
 AA | − 0.847 | − 0.918 |
 ΔAA | − 7.600*** | − 25.686*** |
 Whites | − 1.604 | − 1.000 |
 ΔWhites | − 4.986*** | − 19.515*** |
 Latin | − 1.104 | − 1.125 |
 ΔLatin | − 7.081 | − 25.284*** |
Panel B. Post 911 Subsample Period | ||
 Total | − 1.396 | − 1.096 |
 ΔTotal | − 2.872*** | − 8.914*** |
 AA | − 1.578 | − 1.967 |
 ΔAA | − 3.798*** | − 13.088*** |
 Whites | − 1.322 | − 1.231 |
 ΔWhites | − 3.550*** | − 9.485*** |
 Latin | − 0.957 | − 1.280 |
 ΔLatin | − 3.879*** | − 12.414*** |
Panel C. Financial Crisis—Inception to Peak | ||
 Total | − 1.273 | − 1.499 |
 ΔTotal | − 1.218 | − 3.356** |
 AA | − 1.246 | − 1.293 |
 ΔAA | − 2.123** | − 6.702*** |
 Whites | − 1.404 | − 1.547 |
 ΔWhites | − 1.133 | − 3.774*** |
 Latin | − 1.435 | − 1.597 |
 ΔLatin | − 1.591 | − 6.546*** |
Panel D. Post Financial Recession | ||
 Total | − 3.451** | − 2.969** |
 ΔTotal | − 6.148*** | − 14.607*** |
 AA | − 1.058 | − 1.077 |
 ΔAA | − 5.719*** | − 17.790*** |
 Whites | − 3.560*** | − 3.125** |
 ΔWhites | − 5.919*** | − 14.992*** |
 Latin | − 2.802 | − 2.883 |
 ΔLatin | − 5.574*** | − 13.985 |