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Table 1 Sample socio-demographics, work factors, health and work ability in the total sample and across change groups

From: The relationship between voluntary employer change and work ability among older workers: investigating the honeymoon-hangover effect

   

Groups of voluntary employer change (jobs in 2011, 2014, 2018)

 

Total sample

 

Job A, Job A, Job A (AAA)

Job A, Job A, Job B (AAB)

Job A, Job B, Job B (ABB)

Job A, Job B, Job C (ABC)

n (%)

N = 2502 (100.0)

 

n = 2242 (89.6)

 

n = 139 (5.5)

 

n = 92 (3.7)

 

n = 29 (1.2)

 
 

%

Mean (SD)

%

Mean (SD)

%

Mean (SD)

%

Mean (SD)

%

Mean (SD)

Socio-demographic factors

    

 Gender

n = 2502

 

χ2(3) = 11.98, p = 0.007

 

  Male

45.3

 

46.5

 

33.8

 

38.0

 

34.5

 

  Female

54.7

 

53.5

 

66.2

 

62.0

 

65.5

 

 Year of birth

n = 2502

 

χ2(3) = 19.79, p = 0.000

       

  1959

45.6

 

47.1

 

34.5

 

30.4

 

31.0

 

  1965

54.4

 

52.9

 

65.5

 

69.6

 

69.0

 

 Vocational education

n = 2488

 

χ2(6) = 5.31, p = 0.504

       

  High

23.1

 

23.6

 

19.0

 

16.3

 

20.7

 

  Medium

57.2

 

56.9

 

61.3

 

62.0

 

51.7

 

  Low

19.7

 

19.5

 

19.7

 

21.7

 

27.6

 

 Partner (2011)

n = 2493

 

χ2(3) = 3.89, p = 0.273

       

  Yes

88.2

 

87.8

 

92.8

 

89.1

 

a

 

  No

11.8

 

12.2

 

7.2

 

10.9

 

a

 

 Partner (2014)

n = 2499

 

χ2(3) = 6.07, p = 0.108

       

  Yes

88.1

 

87.6

 

93.5

 

91.3

 

a

 

  No

11.9

 

12.4

 

6.5

 

8.7

 

a

 

 Partner (2018)

n = 2480

 

χ2(3) = 3.36, p = 0.339

       

  Yes

86.9

 

86.5

 

91.4

 

89.1

 

89.7

 

  No

13.1

 

13.5

 

8.6

 

10.9

 

10.3

 

Work factors

    

 Working hours (2011)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 43.07, p = 0.000

 

  Full time

67.5

 

69.0

 

52.5

 

53.3

 

69.0

 

  Part time

27.5

 

26.8

 

33.8

 

38.0

 

20.7

 

  Marginal employment

5.0

 

4.2

 

13.7

 

8.7

 

10.3

 

 Working hours (2014)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 39.62, p = 0.000

 

  Full time

66.9

 

68.3

 

51.8

 

55.4

 

62.1

 

  Part time

29.3

 

28.2

 

36.7

 

a

 

a

 

  Marginal employment

3.9

 

3.4

 

11.5

 

a

 

a

 

 Working hours (2018)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 26.05, p = 0.000

       

  Full time

67.5

 

68.9

 

51.1

 

58.7

 

72.4

 

  Part time

29.4

 

28.0

 

a

 

a

 

a

 

  Marginal employment

3.0

 

3.1

 

a

 

a

 

a

 

 Mental and physical work (2011)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 17.36, p = 0.008

       

  Mainly mental

50.0

 

50.8

 

41.7

 

42.4

 

48.3

 

  Mainly physical

9.9

 

9.1

 

15.1

 

18.5

 

17.2

 

  Both

40.1

 

40.1

 

43.2

 

39.1

 

34.5

 

 Mental and physical work (2014)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 16.48, p = 0.011

       

  Mainly mental

51.0

 

52.3

 

40.3

 

40.2

 

34.5

 

  Mainly physical

9.9

 

9.5

 

14.4

 

10.9

 

13.8

 

  Both

39.2

 

38.2

 

45.3

 

48.9

 

51.7

 

 Mental and physical work (2018)

n = 2502

 

χ2(6) = 13.98, p = 0.030

       

  Mainly mental

51.0

 

52.1

 

41.0

 

44.6

 

a

 

  Mainly physical

7.4

 

7.3

 

7.9

 

9.8

 

a

 

  Both

41.6

 

40.5

 

51.1

 

45.7

 

62.1

 

 Income level (2011)

n = 2404

 

χ2(6) = 50.43, p = 0.000

       

  Up to 1500 Euro

40.1

 

37.8

 

63.3

 

57.8

 

50.0

 

  1500 to 3000 Euro

47.0

 

49.1

 

28.1

 

27.8

 

32.1

 

  3000 Euro and more

12.9

 

13.1

 

8.6

 

14.4

 

17.9

 

 Income level (2014)

n = 2459

 

χ2(6) = 56.32, p = 0.000

       

  Up to 1500 Euro

34.7

 

32.4

 

59.0

 

51.6

 

44.8

 

  1500 to 3000 Euro

49.7

 

51.7

 

30.6

 

31.9

 

34.5

 

  3000 Euro and more

15.7

 

15.9

 

10.4

 

16.5

 

20.7

 

 Income level (2018)

n = 2438

 

χ2(6) = 46.85, p = 0.000

       

  Up to 1500 Euro

27.1

 

25.1

 

48.9

 

40.7

 

37.9

 

  1500 to 3000 Euro

52.4

 

53.8

 

38.3

 

42.9

 

44.8

 

  3000 Euro and more

20.5

 

21.1

 

12.8

 

16.5

 

17.2

 

 Health

n = 2495

 

F(3, 2491) = 0.766, p = 0.513, partial η2 = 0.00

       

Mental healthb (2011)

          
  

52.1 (9.5)

 

52.2 (9.4)

 

52.6 (10.0)

 

50.7 (10.7)

 

51.9 (9.1)

Mental healthb (2014)

n = 2490

 

F(3, 2486) = 3.170, p = 0.023, partial η2 = 0.00

       
  

50.6 (10.0)

 

50.7 (9.9)

 

48.5 (11.4)

 

51.7 (9.4)

 

53.4 (7.7)

Mental healthb (2018)

n = 2495

 

F(3, 2491) = 1.777, p = 0.149, partial η2 = 0.00

       
  

51.7 (9.7)

 

51.5 (9.7)

 

53.2 (9.9)

 

51.9 (9.3)

 

53.9 (7.5)

Physical healthb (2011)

n = 2495

 

F(3, 2491) = 0.632, p = 0.595, partial η2 = 0.00

       
  

50.3 (8.8)

 

50.3 (8.8)

 

50.8 (8.8)

 

51.3 (8.0)

 

51.0 (7.3)

Physical healthb (2014)

n = 2490

 

F(3, 2486) = 3.253, p = 0.021, partial η2 = 0.00

       
  

50.0 (8.8)

 

49.8 (8.9)

 

51.3 (8.5)

 

50.9 (8.5)

 

53.7 (7.7)

Physical healthb (2018)

n = 2495

 

F(3, 2491) = 2.928, p = 0.033, partial η2 = 0.00

       
  

48.2 (9.2)

 

48.0 (9.2)

 

49.6 (9.0)

 

49.9 (8.4)

 

50.5 (7.2)

Work ability

   

 Work abilityc (2011)

n = 2493

 

F(3, 2489) = 1.359, p = 0.253, partial η2 = 0.00

  

8.1 (1.5)

 

8.1 (1.5)

 

8.3 (1.4)

 

8.1 (1.6)

 

7.7 (1.6)

 Work abilityc (2014)

n = 2494

 

F(3, 2490) = 5.022, p = 0.002, partial η2 = 0.01

  

8.0 (1.4)

 

7.9 (1.4)

 

7.9 (1.7)

 

8.5 (1.4)

 

8.3 (1.1)

 Work abilityc (2018)

n = 2497

 

F(3, 2493) = 7.727, p = 0.000, partial η2 = 0.01

  

7.8 (1.5)

 

7.7 (1.5)

 

8.2 (1.6)

 

7.9 (1.4)

 

8.6 (1.2)

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. For each socio-demographic and work factor Chi-square tests and for health and work ability one-way ANOVAs are shown for the groups comparisons between the four groups AAA, AAB, ABB and ABC
  3. aThis data cannot be shown for reasons of data protection
  4. bRange from 0 to 100. High scores indicate good health
  5. cRange from 2 to 10. High scores indicate high work ability