Table 4 Relative change in Canadian monthly earnings percentiles, 2012 to 2016

Numeracy

2.433^** (0.759)

2.212^** (0.760)

1.315 (0.777)

0.449 (0.706)

Initial position

Earnings decile in 2012^a

− 2.518^*** (0.224)

− 2.696^*** (0.255)

− 2.869^*** (0.250)

− 2.999^*** (0.333)

Work characteristics in 2012

Advanced math at work^b

1.102 (1.182)

0.999 (1.170)

0.832 (1.096)

Advanced reading at work^b

2.549^* (1.264)

1.515 (1.193)

2.151^* (1.045)

High discretion^c

− 0.113 (1.094)

0.149 (1.062)

0.696 (0.951)

Education

VET PSE (below BA)^d

1.249 (1.730)

1.625 (1.454)

Non-VET PSE (below BA)^d

5.393^*** (1.615)

4.588^** (1.491)

BA degree or above^d

7.329^*** (1.509)

5.760^*** (1.634)

Controls

Female^e

− 5.669^*** (1.202)

Age: 34 and under^f

− 0.400 (1.589)

Age: 55 and older^f

− 1.576 (1.715)

Non-native language speaker^g

0.079 (1.438)

No job changes between 12–16^h

3.139^** (1.214)

Change in working hours 12–16

0.600^*** (0.068)

Firm size: 11–50 pplⁱ

4.421^** (1.612)

Firm size: 51–250 pplⁱ

5.662^*** (1.668)

Firm size: 251 + pplⁱ

6.705^*** (1.769)

Public sector^j

0.514 (1.036)

Part time status^k

− 2.681 (1.602)

Labour market experience

− 0.247^** (0.085)

More than one job in 2012^l

− 0.011 (1.509)

Living with partner in 2012^m

1.544 (1.127)

Child under 6 in 2012ⁿ

− 1.515

(1.282)

Region included

yes

Constant

14.728^*** (1.330)

14.054^*** (1.304)

11.877^*** (1.476)

13.117^** (4.035)

R²

0.12

0.13

0.15

0.35

Observations

1938