Table 7 Country-level estimates of the effects of the displayed variables on the risks of exiting unemployment and of entering unemployment in a seemingly unrelated regressions setup à la Zellner (1962)

\(\lambda _i\) (log-risk of exiting unemployment)

Literacy (std)

\({0}.{869}^{***}\)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(0.273)

Education (years)

–

0.069

–

–

–

–

–

(0.068)

Social trust (std)

–

–

\({0}.{490}^{***}\)

–

–

–

–

(0.165)

Experience (decades)

–

–

–

− 0.075

–

–

–

(0.381)

Female

–

–

–

–

1.678

–

–

(2.708)

Government effectiveness (std)

–

–

–

–

–

\({0}.{250}^{**}\)

–

(0.108)

Logarithmized lagged GDP per capita (PPP)

–

–

–

–

–

–

\({0}.{324}^{**}\)

(0.156)

\(R^2\) (\(\lambda _0^c\))

0.308

0.105

0.286

0.076

0.086

0.216

0.191

Observations

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

\(\delta _i\) (log-risk of entering unemployment)

Literacy (std)

\({-1}.{046}^{***}\)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(0.316)

Education (years)

–

− 0.099

–

–

–

–

–

(0.079)

Social trust (std)

–

–

− 0.339

–

–

–

–

(0.210)

Experience (decades)

–

–

–

0.417

–

–

–

(0.439)

Female

–

–

–

–

0.508

–

–

(3.182)

Government effectiveness (std)

–

–

–

–

–

\({-0}.{302}^{**}\)

–

(0.125)

Logarithmized lagged GDP per capita (PPP)

–

–

–

–

–

–

− 0.146

(0.193)

\(R^2\) (\(\delta _0^c\))

0.311

0.107

0.135

0.087

0.061

0.214

0.077

Observations

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

\(\lambda _i-\delta _i\) (log-risk-ratio of exiting to entering unemployment)

Literacy (std)

\({1}.{915}^{***}\)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(0.389)

Education (years)

–

0.167

–

–

–

–

–

(0.110)

Social trust (std)

–

–

\({0}.{829}^{***}\)

–

–

–

–

(0.271)

Experience (decades)

–

–

–

− 0.492

–

–

–

(0.624)

Female

–

–

–

–

1.169

–

–

(4.502)

Government effectiveness (std)

–

–

–

–

–

\({0}.{552}^{***}\)

–

(0.165)

Logarithmized lagged GDP per capita (PPP)

–

–

–

–

–

–

\({0}.{470}^{*}\)

(0.263)

\(R^2\) (\(\lambda _0^c-\delta _0^c\))

0.495

0.153

0.305

0.106

0.089

0.336

0.175

Observations

30

30

30

30

30

30

30