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Table 7 ARDL model before the financial crisis

From: Labour mobility as an adjustment mechanism to asymmetric shocks in Europe: evidence from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia

Variable

ECT

Czechia

Hungary

Poland

Slovakia

ECT

 

 − 0.313**

 − 0.189***

 − 0.200***

 − 0.168***

  

(0.154)

(0.059)

(0.016)

(0.061)

\({\Delta Employment}_{t-1}\)

 

0.293

0.558***

0.671***

0.575***

  

(0.188)

(0.199)

(0.230)

(0.135)

\(\Delta {\mathrm{ln}Technology}_{t-1}\)

 

0.176

 − 4.097

0.645

0.445

  

(2.406)

(3.035)

(1.507)

(1.329)

\(\Delta {\mathrm{ln}Migration}_{t-1}\)

 

0.009

0.013

0.076**

0.012*

  

(0.015)

(0.062)

(0.034)

(0.006)

\(\Delta {\mathrm{ln}Real value added}_{t-1}\)

 

9.498***

 − 3.317

0.107

0.743

  

(3.627)

(3.966)

(2.368)

(2.785)

\(\mathrm{ln}Technology\)

8.138***

    
 

(0.570)

    

\(\mathrm{ln}Migration\)

0.105***

    
 

(0.038)

    

\(\mathrm{ln}Real value added\)

6.857*

    
 

(3.688)

    

Constant

 

22.622

 − 14.731***

 − 18.302

 − 11.378**

  

(16.138)

(5.470)

(11.998)

(4.860)

  1. Each variable has a maximum lag set to five. The study determined the optimal lag lengths using the AIC. Standard errors are represented in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1, \(\Delta\) represents first-order difference. t-1, t-2..t-j represent lags. L is used to represent the long run. ECT means error correction term