Table 5 The effects of the 2013 PES reform: difference-in-differences regression coefficients, alternative specifications (dependent variable: unemployment rate)
Independent variable | (1) Time period 2012–2014 | (2) Time period 2012–2015 | (3) Time period 2012–2016 | (4) Time period 2012–2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated municipality | 0.556* (0.269) | 0.372 (0.204) | 0.349 (0.236) | 0.310 (0.246) |
Lapland region | 1.086*** (0.294) | 0.442 (0.255) | −0.358 (0.357) | −0.557 (0.303) |
Long-term unemployed pilot project in 2012–2015 | −0.106 (0.165) | −0.076 (0.172) | 0.151 (0.191) | 0.159 (0.205) |
Recipient of mass layoff support in 2013–15 | −0.029 (0.233) | 0.236 (0.223) | ||
Recipient of mass layoff support in 2015 | 2.249 (1.264) | |||
Recipient of mass layoff support in 2016–17 | 0.083 (0.421) | −0.566* (0.241) | ||
PES office closure in 2016–17 | 0.441 (0.282) | −0.072 (0.211) | ||
Constant | 2.175*** (0.101) | 2.956*** (0.108) | 2.576*** (0.110) | 1.106*** (0.110) |
N | 303 | 303 | 304 | 304 |
R-sq | 0.058 | 0.074 | 0.019 | 0.023 |