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Table 4 Models of female labor force participation

From: Economic cycle and deceleration of female labor force participation in Latin America

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Cyclical component

− 17.2***

(5.24)

− 21.7***

(5.08)

− 13.1***

(4.24)

− 20.3***

(5.28)

− 13.5**

(5.44)

− 18.2***

(5.99)

− 10.1*

(4.79)

− 17.2**

(6.39)

Trend component

15.5***

(2.79)

7.3**

(3.25)

15.8***

(4.17)

10.0***

(2.67)

15.3***

(2.68)

8.6**

(3.27)

15.4***

(3.97)

11.2***

(2.64)

CCTs coverage

  

1.3

(4.97)

− 2.0

(3.22)

  

1.2

(4.70)

− 1.6

(3.30)

Male unemployment

    

18.4

(11.03)

20.9**

(9.12)

15.5

(11.65)

21.0**

(9.72)

Additional controls

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Observations

2736

2537

2511

2321

2669

2476

2445

2261

R-squared

0.837

0.854

0.831

0.851

0.845

0.858

0.839

0.856

  1. Latin American countries, panel of education and age groups, 1987–2014. Women aged 25–54
  2. Fixed effects (by country and by group) OLS regressions. Unbalanced panel of 9 groups in 18 countries. Dependent variable: female labor force participation as percentage of women aged 25–54. Cyclical and trend components of GDP are obtained by applying the Hodrick-Prescott filter to the log of real per capita GDP. CCTs program coverage as share of population who are beneficiaries (not available for Venezuela). Unemployment rate for men in each education and age group. Additional controls: average years of education, average number of children, share of married women, share of women in charge of old person, average age of children in household, female hourly wage, hourly wage ratio (men/women), service sector value added as share of GDP, rural population as share of total population. For detailed data definitions and sources, see Table 10 in the Appendix. Robust standard errors clustered by country in parentheses. ***Significant at 1% level, **5%, *10%