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Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 9 Effects of unemployment stigma on subjective well-being (H1), health (H2), re-employment expectations (H3) and value placed on employment (H4) after controlling for pressure by an employment office

From: The social stigma of unemployment: consequences of stigma consciousness on job search attitudes, behaviour and success

 

H1: Subjective well-being

H2: Health

H3: Expectations

H4: Value

Model 1a

Model 2a

Model 3a

Model 4a

Stigma consciousness (0–10)

− 0.310***

(0.034)

− 0.204***

(0.041)

− 0.043**

(0.014)

0.129***

(0.017)

Sample (R: population sample)

–

–

–

–

Integration agreement signed (R: yes)

 No agreement signed

0.257

(0.195)

0.058

(0.234)

0.044

(0.082)

0.151

(0.111)

 Does not apply

0.176

(0.338)

0.166

(0.378)

0.281#

(0.145)

0.199

(0.166)

Experiences with job center (negative to positive)

− 0.241**

(0.075)

− 0.027

(0.090)

− 0.116***

(0.029)

− 0.128***

(0.035)

Employment status at wave 6 (R: employed)

 Unemployed

− 0.336#

(0.196)

− 0.192

(0.259)

− 0.196*

(0.089)

− 0.203*

(0.099)

 Out of the labour force

− 0.236

(0.578)

− 0.387

(0.759)

− 0.019

(0.315)

0.201

(0.357)

Male

− 0.358**

(0.118)

− 0.088

(0.149)

0.068

(0.051)

− 0.158*

(0.062)

Unemployment duration (years)

0.007

(0.015)

− 0.038#

(0.020)

− 0.018***

(0.005)

0.015*

(0.007)

Number of previous unemployment episodes

− 0.060

(0.075)

0.156

(0.098)

0.044

(0.034)

0.018

(0.034)

Age

− 0.102*

(0.040)

− 0.286***

(0.050)

0.000

(0.017)

0.039#

(0.022)

Age2

0.001*

(0.000)

0.003***

(0.001)

− 0.000

(0.000)

− 0.000

(0.000)

Migration background

0.279*

(0.139)

0.388*

(0.181)

0.085

(0.065)

− 0.002

(0.075)

Education (R: elementary) (CASMIN)

 Secondary

− 0.112

(0.136)

− 0.258

(0.176)

− 0.041

(0.061)

− 0.114

(0.074)

 Maturity

− 0.172

(0.184)

0.481*

(0.231)

0.074

(0.089)

− 0.350***

(0.094)

 Tertiary

− 0.150

(0.219)

0.411

(0.252)

0.076

(0.092)

− 0.338**

(0.104)

Married

0.106

(0.155)

− 0.232

(0.188)

− 0.055

(0.071)

0.148#

(0.087)

Household size

0.077

(0.063)

0.109

(0.087)

− 0.025

(0.034)

− 0.010

(0.041)

Household income

0.010

(0.015)

0.012

(0.019)

0.001

(0.007)

0.011

(0.008)

West Germany

− 0.041

(0.127)

− 0.463**

(0.159)

0.042

(0.056)

− 0.099

(0.067)

Constant

9.936***

(0.857)

13.078***

(1.113)

2.874***

(0.380)

− 1.584**

(0.483)

Observations

1198

1198

1198

1198

  1. Weighted to account for panel attrition from wave 7 to 8; multiple imputation by chained equations to account for missing values data (40 imputations, burn in period of 30 iterations). Goodness-of-fit tests not available after multiple imputation in STATA (see STATA multiple imputation reference manual release 13, p. 79)
  2. Outcome variables Models 1 to 4: Life satisfaction (11-pt. scale); health satisfaction (11-pt. scale); self-assessed re-employment chances (4-pt. scale) factor score non-monetary motivation to work (continuous)
  3. Robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, #p < 0.10; Sample contains only unemployed in sgb-II context (welfare benefit)
  4. Estimation methods: alinear regression
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