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Table 8 Effects of unemployment stigma after controlling for the initial situation during the job search (as available)

From: The social stigma of unemployment: consequences of stigma consciousness on job search attitudes, behaviour and success

 

H1: Subjective well-being

H2: Health

H5: Active job search (yes)

H5: Search intensity

H6: Number of interviews

Model 1a

Model 2a

Model 3a

Model 4a

Model 5a

Stigma consciousness (0–10)

− 0.196***

(0.029)

− 0.114**

(0.037)

0.014*

(0.007)

0.044*

(0.019)

0.095*

(0.048)

Initial subjective well-being

0.462***

(0.026)

    

Initial health satisfaction

 

0.439***

(0.032)

   

Initial active job search

  

0.443***

(0.029)

  

Initial number job search methods

   

0.265***

(0.018)

 

Initial number of interviews

    

0.525***

(0.124)

Sample (R: population sample)

− 0.141

(0.212)

0.008

(0.276)

0.051

(0.054)

0.170

(0.136)

1.053*

(0.427)

Employment status at wave 6 (R: employed)

 Unemployed

0.034

(0.159)

0.175

(0.237)

− 0.236***

(0.043)

− 0.453***

(0.105)

− 0.289

(0.240)

 Out of the labour force

0.439

(0.542)

− 0.040

(0.688)

− 0.270#

(0.139)

− 0.540

(0.346)

− 0.580

(0.622)

Male

− 0.181#

(0.102)

− 0.063

(0.132)

0.015

(0.026)

0.038

(0.068)

0.569**

(0.192)

Unemployment duration (years)

0.003

(0.013)

− 0.031#

(0.016)

− 0.006*

(0.003)

− 0.023*

(0.009)

− 0.140***

(0.031)

Number of previous unemployment episodes

− 0.088

(0.059)

0.041

(0.084)

− 0.003

(0.017)

0.016

(0.042)

0.080

(0.132)

Age

− 0.052

(0.035)

− 0.167***

(0.047)

0.029**

(0.009)

0.113***

(0.025)

0.149*

(0.063)

Age2

0.001

(0.000)

0.002**

(0.001)

− 0.000***

(0.000)

− 0.001***

(0.000)

− 0.002**

(0.001)

Migration background

0.069

(0.124)

0.174

(0.159)

− 0.074*

(0.031)

− 0.126

(0.086)

0.125

(0.192)

Education (R: elementary) (CASMIN)

 Secondary

− 0.017

(0.114)

− 0.195

(0.156)

0.013

(0.032)

0.185*

(0.080)

− 0.369#

(0.216)

 Maturity

− 0.056

(0.172)

0.425*

(0.211)

− 0.021

(0.044)

− 0.031

(0.106)

− 0.009

(0.258)

 Tertiary

− 0.161

(0.185)

0.268

(0.219)

0.063

(0.043)

0.084

(0.106)

− 0.300

(0.271)

Married

− 0.022

(0.133)

0.011

(0.167)

− 0.032

(0.035)

− 0.124

(0.095)

0.030

(0.223)

Household size

0.048

(0.053)

0.045

(0.078)

0.010

(0.015)

0.002

(0.039)

0.054

(0.087)

Household income

− 0.001

(0.010)

0.012

(0.014)

0.004

(0.003)

0.014#

(0.008)

− 0.011

(0.017)

West Germany

0.004

(0.108)

− 0.383**

(0.143)

− 0.025

(0.028)

− 0.087

(0.073)

0.123

(0.211)

Constant

5.536***

(0.778)

7.285***

(1.146)

− 0.093

(0.194)

− 2.039***

(0.538)

− 5.035***

(1.436)

Observations

1278

1278

1278

1278

1278

  1. Weighted to account for panel attrition from wave 7 to 8; multiple imputation by chained equations to account for missing values data (40 imputations, burn in period of 40 iterations). Goodness-of-fit tests not available after multiple imputation in STATA (see STATA multiple imputation reference manual release 13, p. 79)
  2. Outcome variables Models 1 to 5: Life satisfaction (11-pt. scale); health satisfaction (11-pt. scale); job search activity (yes/no); number of job search methods; number of job interviews
  3. Robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, #p < 0.10
  4. Estimation methods: alinear regression