Table 5 Descriptive statistics (before multiple imputation)
Variable | Obs. | Mean | Std. dev. | Min. | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome variables | |||||
Life satisfaction | 1276 | 5.77 | 2.08 | 0 | 10 |
Health satisfaction | 1277 | 5.42 | 2.59 | 0 | 10 |
Self-assessed employment chances | 1263 | 1.83 | 0.93 | 1 | 4 |
Value of employment | 1269 | − 0.04 | 1.09 | − 3.50 | 1.39 |
Active job search | 1278 | 0.52 | 0 | 1 | |
Number of job search methods | 1278 | 1.75 | 1.96 | 0 | 7 |
Search intensity | 1278 | 4.77 | 5.51 | 0 | 24 |
Hours searching | 1269 | 3.21 | 6.16 | 0 | 70 |
Number of applications | 1268 | 3.60 | 7.77 | 0 | 94 |
Number of interviews | 1276 | 0.27 | 0.98 | 0 | 15 |
Found job | 1573 | 0.14 | 0 | 1 | |
Focal independent variable | |||||
Stigma consciousness | 1278 | 5.12 | 1.81 | 0 | 10 |
Independent variables | |||||
Sample (1, if welfare benefit sample) | 1278 | 0.94 | 0 | 1 | |
Employment status preceding wave | 1082 | ||||
Employed | 0.15 | 0 | 1 | ||
Unemployed | 0.84 | 0 | 1 | ||
Out of the labour force | 0.01 | 0 | 1 | ||
Male | 1278 | 0.56 | 0 | 1 | |
Unemployment duration (in years) | 1265 | 5.05 | 4.86 | 0.08 | 43.25 |
Number of previous unemployment episodes | 1265 | 1.41 | 0.87 | 1 | 7 |
Age | 1278 | 46.46 | 11.91 | 18 | 64 |
Migration background | 1243 | 0.24 | 0 | 1 | |
Education (CASMIN) | 1276 | ||||
Elementary | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | ||
Secondary | 0.30 | 0 | 1 | ||
Maturity | 0.10 | 0 | 1 | ||
Tertiary | 0.10 | 0 | 1 | ||
Married | 1273 | 0.26 | 0 | 1 | |
Household size | 1278 | 2.00 | 1.29 | 1 | 9 |
Household income (in 100 €) | 1273 | 10.56 | 6.38 | 0 | 90 |
West Germany | 1278 | 0.59 | 0 | 1 | |
Integration agreement | 667 | ||||
Agreement signed | 0.78 | 0 | 1 | ||
Agreement not signed | 0.16 | 0 | 1 | ||
Does not apply (not sgb II) | 0.06 | 0 | 1 | ||
Experiences with job center (negative to positive) | 864 | − 0.02 | 1.01 | − 1.94 | 2.19 |
Self-efficacy | 1278 | 10.95 | 2.70 | 2 | 20 |
Big five personality traits | |||||
Extraversion | 873 | 13.37 | 3.53 | 3 | 20 |
Agreeableness | 872 | 11.40 | 2.89 | 4 | 20 |
Conscientiousness | 872 | 14.27 | 1.95 | 7 | 20 |
Neuroticism | 872 | 11.10 | 2.03 | 5 | 17 |
Openness to experience | 872 | 18.35 | 3.76 | 7 | 25 |
Initial life satisfaction | 1077 | 5.63 | 2.28 | 0 | 10 |
Initial health | 1077 | 5.44 | 2.61 | 0 | 10 |
Initial active job search (yes) | 1074 | 0.52 | 0 | 1 | |
Initial number of job search methods | 1058 | 1.43 | 1.93 | 0 | 7 |
Initial number of job interviews | 1058 | 0.20 | 1.16 | 0 | 28 |