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Table 11 Effects of unemployment stigma on subjective well-being (H1), health (H2), re-employment expectations (H3) and value placed on employment (H4) after controlling for personality traits

From: The social stigma of unemployment: consequences of stigma consciousness on job search attitudes, behaviour and success

 

H1: Subjective well-being

H2: Health

H3: Expectations

H4: Value

Model 1a

Model 2a

Model 3a

Model 4a

Stigma consciousness (0–10)

− 0.235***

(0.035)

− 0.127**

(0.041)

− 0.034*

(0.014)

0.143***

(0.017)

Sample (R: population sample)

− 0.011

(0.020)

− 0.027

(0.028)

0.005

(0.009)

− 0.007

(0.011)

 Extraversion

0.010

(0.024)

− 0.014

(0.029)

0.001

(0.010)

0.023#

(0.013)

 Agreeableness

0.025

(0.036)

0.047

(0.044)

− 0.013

(0.016)

0.032

(0.020)

 Conscientiousness

0.033

(0.032)

− 0.022

(0.045)

0.005

(0.014)

− 0.022

(0.018)

 Neuroticism

− 0.033#

(0.020)

0.009

(0.026)

0.009

(0.009)

0.008

(0.009)

 Openness to experience

− 0.193***

(0.025)

− 0.164***

(0.030)

− 0.029**

(0.011)

− 0.043***

(0.012)

Self-efficacy

− 0.152

(0.236)

0.038

(0.303)

0.063

(0.101)

0.032

(0.140)

Employment status at wave 6 (R: employed)

 Unemployed

− 0.226

(0.171)

− 0.049

(0.252)

− 0.183*

(0.083)

− 0.183#

(0.095)

 Out of the labour force

− 0.059

(0.556)

− 0.112

(0.721)

− 0.015

(0.318)

0.332

(0.366)

Male

− 0.383***

(0.113)

− 0.094

(0.144)

0.064

(0.049)

− 0.180**

(0.060)

Unemployment duration (years)

− 0.002

(0.014)

− 0.041*

(0.018)

− 0.018***

(0.005)

0.013#

(0.007)

Number of previous unemployment episodes

− 0.070

(0.069)

0.133

(0.093)

0.044

(0.032)

0.027

(0.033)

Age

− 0.090*

(0.038)

− 0.283***

(0.047)

0.008

(0.017)

0.033

(0.021)

Age2

0.001*

(0.000)

0.003***

(0.001)

− 0.000*

(0.000)

− 0.000

(0.000)

Migration background

0.227#

(0.133)

0.302#

(0.174)

0.070

(0.063)

− 0.025

(0.073)

Education (R: elementary) (CASMIN)

 Secondary

− 0.025

(0.128)

− 0.164

(0.168)

− 0.016

(0.061)

− 0.138#

(0.073)

 Maturity

0.022

(0.177)

0.532*

(0.227)

0.066

(0.087)

− 0.350***

(0.092)

 Tertiary

− 0.068

(0.213)

0.492*

(0.250)

0.103

(0.091)

− 0.365***

(0.103)

Married

0.202

(0.148)

− 0.066

(0.184)

− 0.024

(0.068)

0.216*

(0.085)

Household size

0.050

(0.055)

0.080

(0.080)

− 0.034

(0.030)

− 0.008

(0.037)

Household income

0.002

(0.011)

0.012

(0.015)

0.001

(0.005)

0.008

(0.006)

West Germany

0.120

(0.121)

− 0.380*

(0.153)

0.088

(0.055)

− 0.037

(0.066)

Constant

11.508***

(1.189)

14.235***

(1.592)

2.833***

(0.534)

− 1.588*

(0.690)

Observations

1278

1278

1278

1278

  1. Weighted to account for panel attrition from wave 7 to 8; multiple imputation by chained equations to account for missing values data (40 imputations, burn in period of 30 iterations). Goodness-of-fit tests not available after multiple imputation in STATA (see STATA multiple imputation reference manual release 13, p. 79)
  2. Outcome variables Models 1 to 4: Life satisfaction (11-pt. scale); health satisfaction (11-pt. scale); self-assessed re-employment chances (4-pt. scale) factor score non-monetary motivation to work (continuous)
  3. Robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, #p < 0.10
  4. Estimation methods: alinear regression