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Table 9 Long difference estimates, Western Germany

From: Broadband internet availability and establishments’ employment growth in Germany: evidence from instrumental variables estimations

Dep. var.: \(\Delta { \ln }\left( {\frac{{L_{it + 1} }}{{L_{it} }}} \right)\)

t = 2006

t = 2007

t = 2008

Manuf.

Services

Manuf.

Services

Manuf.

Services

∆DSL availability

0.093 (1.46)

0.194 (2.44)**

0.091 (1.00)

0.195 (2.52)**

0.072 (0.59)

0.031 (0.42)

Establishment controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Municipality controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

2215

2376

2120

2278

2032

2198

Adjusted R2

0.106

0.060

0.078

0.086

0.094

0.107

  1. t statistics in parentheses. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. All estimations weighted by full-time employment. Constant omitted from output. Standard errors clustered at the municipality level. Data sources: Broadband Atlas Germany, Deutsche Telekom, BHP 7510