Broadband internet availability and establishments’ employment growth in Germany: evidence from instrumental variables estimations

Journal for Labour Market Research

Table 2 Covariate balance (data for 1999)

Western Germany	Above threshold (IV = 1)	Below threshold (IV = 0)	p value^a
Log full-time employment growth rate	0.043	0.041	0.729
Log full-time employment	5.091	5.203	0.077*
Log mean wage	4.370	4.384	0.448
Share high-skilled (occupation)	0.102	0.111	0.182
Share high-qual. (education)	0.027	0.031	0.584

Eastern Germany	OPAL area	Non-OPAL area	p-value^a
Log full-time employment growth rate	0.019	0.003	0.026**
Log full-time employment	6.565	6.175	0.006***
Log mean wage	4.112	4.093	0.307
Share high-skilled (occupation)	0.148	0.141	0.797
Share high-qual. (education)	0.066	0.061	0.351

^aFrom a t-test on equality of means cleared of district fixed effects. Data sources: Deutsche Telekom, BHP 7510
* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01