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Table 14 Subsamples excluding the largest establishments

From: Broadband internet availability and establishments’ employment growth in Germany: evidence from instrumental variables estimations

 

Western Germany

Eastern Germany

Log empl. growth rate

OLS

IV (second stage)

OLS

Excluding the 5% largest establishments

Manufacturing

DSL availability

− 0.031 (− 1.77)*

0.022 (1.20)

− 0.084 (− 0.82)

− 0.118 (− 1.05)

0.009 (0.89)

0.009 (0.94)

Establishment controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Municipality controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year FE

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

Industry FE (3-digit)

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

District FE

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

Observations

14,078

14,078

14,078

14,078

25,133

25,133

Adjusted R2

0.005

0.030

0.004

0.025

0.001

0.015

Services (controls and FE as above)

DSL availability

− 0.025 (− 1.68)*

− 0.017 (− 1.13)

0.187 (1.79)*

0.253 (2.38)**

− 0.002 (− 0.24)

− 0.002 (− 0.23)

Observations

17,700

17,700

17,700

17,700

49,267

49,267

Adjusted R2

0.002

0.009

.a

− 0.011

0.000

0.007

Excluding establishments > 249 employees (controls and FE as above)

Manufacturing

DSL availability

− 0.025 (− 1.33)

0.015 (0.81)

− 0.051 (− 0.61)

− 0.241 (− 2.31)**

− 0.012 (− 1.10)

− 0.005 (− 0.48)

Observations

14,716

14,716

14,716

14,716

26,283

26,283

Adjusted R2

0.006

0.053

0.005

0.032

0.003

0.034

Services

DSL availability

0.016 (0.63)

0.017 (0.92)

0.278 (2.50)**

0.274 (2.79)***

− 0.006 (− 0.85)

0.008 (1.09)

Observations

18,620

18,620

18,620

18,620

51,797

51,797

Adjusted R2

0.005

0.039

.a

0.017

0.000

0.015

  1. t statistics in parentheses. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. All estimations weighted by full-time employment. Constant omitted from output. Standard errors clustered at the municipality level. aNot reported because model sum of squares is negative. Data sources: Broadband Atlas Germany, Deutsche Telekom, BHP 7510