| |
Western Germany
|
Eastern Germany
|
|---|
|
Log empl. growth rate
|
OLS
|
IV (second stage)
|
OLS
|
|---|
|
Excluding the 5% largest establishments
|
|
Manufacturing
|
|
DSL availability
|
− 0.031 (− 1.77)*
|
0.022 (1.20)
|
− 0.084 (− 0.82)
|
− 0.118 (− 1.05)
|
0.009 (0.89)
|
0.009 (0.94)
|
|
Establishment controls
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Municipality controls
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Year FE
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
|
|
Industry FE (3-digit)
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
|
|
District FE
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
| |
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
14,078
|
14,078
|
14,078
|
14,078
|
25,133
|
25,133
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.005
|
0.030
|
0.004
|
0.025
|
0.001
|
0.015
|
|
Services (controls and FE as above)
|
|
DSL availability
|
− 0.025 (− 1.68)*
|
− 0.017 (− 1.13)
|
0.187 (1.79)*
|
0.253 (2.38)**
|
− 0.002 (− 0.24)
|
− 0.002 (− 0.23)
|
|
Observations
|
17,700
|
17,700
|
17,700
|
17,700
|
49,267
|
49,267
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.002
|
0.009
|
.a
|
− 0.011
|
0.000
|
0.007
|
|
Excluding establishments > 249 employees (controls and FE as above)
|
|
Manufacturing
|
|
DSL availability
|
− 0.025 (− 1.33)
|
0.015 (0.81)
|
− 0.051 (− 0.61)
|
− 0.241 (− 2.31)**
|
− 0.012 (− 1.10)
|
− 0.005 (− 0.48)
|
|
Observations
|
14,716
|
14,716
|
14,716
|
14,716
|
26,283
|
26,283
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.006
|
0.053
|
0.005
|
0.032
|
0.003
|
0.034
|
|
Services
|
|
DSL availability
|
0.016 (0.63)
|
0.017 (0.92)
|
0.278 (2.50)**
|
0.274 (2.79)***
|
− 0.006 (− 0.85)
|
0.008 (1.09)
|
|
Observations
|
18,620
|
18,620
|
18,620
|
18,620
|
51,797
|
51,797
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.005
|
0.039
|
.a
|
0.017
|
0.000
|
0.015
|
- t statistics in parentheses. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. All estimations weighted by full-time employment. Constant omitted from output. Standard errors clustered at the municipality level. aNot reported because model sum of squares is negative. Data sources: Broadband Atlas Germany, Deutsche Telekom, BHP 7510
