Western Germany | Eastern Germany | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Log empl. growth rate | OLS | IV (second stage) | OLS | |||
Excluding the 5% largest establishments | ||||||
Manufacturing | ||||||
DSL availability | − 0.031 (− 1.77)* | 0.022 (1.20) | − 0.084 (− 0.82) | − 0.118 (− 1.05) | 0.009 (0.89) | 0.009 (0.94) |
Establishment controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Municipality controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
Industry FE (3-digit) | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
District FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
Observations | 14,078 | 14,078 | 14,078 | 14,078 | 25,133 | 25,133 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.005 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.015 |
Services (controls and FE as above) | ||||||
DSL availability | − 0.025 (− 1.68)* | − 0.017 (− 1.13) | 0.187 (1.79)* | 0.253 (2.38)** | − 0.002 (− 0.24) | − 0.002 (− 0.23) |
Observations | 17,700 | 17,700 | 17,700 | 17,700 | 49,267 | 49,267 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.002 | 0.009 | .a | − 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.007 |
Excluding establishments > 249 employees (controls and FE as above) | ||||||
Manufacturing | ||||||
DSL availability | − 0.025 (− 1.33) | 0.015 (0.81) | − 0.051 (− 0.61) | − 0.241 (− 2.31)** | − 0.012 (− 1.10) | − 0.005 (− 0.48) |
Observations | 14,716 | 14,716 | 14,716 | 14,716 | 26,283 | 26,283 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.006 | 0.053 | 0.005 | 0.032 | 0.003 | 0.034 |
Services | ||||||
DSL availability | 0.016 (0.63) | 0.017 (0.92) | 0.278 (2.50)** | 0.274 (2.79)*** | − 0.006 (− 0.85) | 0.008 (1.09) |
Observations | 18,620 | 18,620 | 18,620 | 18,620 | 51,797 | 51,797 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.005 | 0.039 | .a | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.015 |