| Non-trained workers | Trained workers | Standardized difference in means (absolute value in  %) |
---|---|---|---|
Outcome | |||
 Being an internal trainer | 0.373 | 0.537*** | 34.27 |
Demographic variables | |||
 Female | 0.309 | 0.430*** | 25.93 |
 Age 45–49 | 0.475 | 0.440 | 7.36 |
 Age 50–54 | 0.310 | 0.300 | 2.21 |
 Age 55–57 | 0.213 | 0.259 | 11.05 |
 Single | 0.176 | 0.150 | 7.41 |
 Primary education | 0.225 | 0.101*** | 34.68 |
 Vocational education | 0.396 | 0.361 | 7.42 |
 High School education | 0.144 | 0.220** | 20.22 |
 Undergraduate education | 0.108 | 0.186*** | 22.85 |
 Graduate post-graduate education | 0.125 | 0.131 | 1.87 |
 Health limitations | 0.115 | 0.079* | 12.69 |
 Mincerian wage fixed effect | 0.016 | 0.155*** | 44.79 |
Job’s characteristics | |||
 High-skilled occupations | 0.463 | 0.777*** | 69.38 |
 Low-skilled occupations | 0.536 | 0.223*** | 69.38 |
 Seniority < 10 years | 0.244 | 0.176*** | 17.08 |
 Seniority 11–20 years | 0.228 | 0.209 | 4.68 |
 Seniority 21–30 years | 0.325 | 0.371 | 9.67 |
 Seniority > 30 years | 0.201 | 0.244 | 10.37 |
 Log of daily wage first quartile group | 0.247 | 0.105*** | 38.72 |
 Log of daily wage second quartile group | 0.231 | 0.239 | 1.76 |
 Log of daily wage third quartile group | 0.225 | 0.248 | 5.49 |
 Log of daily wage fourth quartile group | 0.295 | 0.409*** | 24.41 |
 Part-time work | 0.077 | 0.067 | 4.04 |
Working conditions | |||
 Has to change location frequently | 0.194 | 0.134* | 16.83 |
 No external demand needing immediate response | 0.531 | 0.455 | 15.76 |
 No change in colleagues over the last 12 months | 0.573 | 0.508 | 13.59 |
Firm’s characteristics | |||
 Age structure |  |  |  |
  High share of young workers (< 30 years) | 0.296 | 0.339 | 9.32 |
  High share of workers aged 30–45 years | 0.016 | 0.034 | 12.52 |
  High share of older workers (> 45 years) | 0.208 | 0.123*** | 23.23 |
  Firm size 20–49 | 0.148 | 0.150 | 0.72 |
  Firm size 50–299 | 0.267 | 0.221 | 11.13 |
  Firm size > 300 | 0.585 | 0.629 | 9.27 |
  Manufacturing | 0.404 | 0.368 | 7.71 |
  Building | 0.069 | 0.024** | 21.89 |
  Retail trade | 0.168 | 0.202 | 8.96 |
  Transports | 0.101 | 0.034*** | 27.09 |
  Housing and finance | 0.153 | 0.265 | 28.71 |
  Media and services to firms | 0.105 | 0.107 | 0.85 |
  Observations | 4429 | 425 |  |