Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the sample

Worker’s characteristics

Demographic variables

 Female

0.321

0.276

0.349**

 Age 45–49

0.472

0.498

0.456

 Age 50–54

0.309

0.297

0.317

 Age 55–57

0.218

0.205

0.227

 Single

0.174

0.125

0.205***

 Primary education

0.214

0.140

0.260**

 Vocational education

0.393

0.385

0.398

 High School education

0.152

0.176

0.137

 Undergraduate education

0.116

0.146

0.097**

 Graduate post-graduate education

0.126

0.153

0.108**

 Health limitations

0.112

0.100

0.120

Job’s characteristics

 High-skilled occupations

0.494

0.637

0.403***

 Low-skilled occupations

0.506

0.363

0.597***

 Seniority < 10 years

0.237

0.189

0.268**

 Seniority 11–20 years

0.226

0.201

0.243*

 Seniority 21–30 years

0.330

0.388

0.294**

 Seniority > 30 years

0.206

0.222

0.195

 Log of the daily wage

 Log of the daily wage first quartile group

0.234

0.140

0.293***

 Log of the daily wage second quartile group

0.232

0.202

0.251**

 Log of the daily wage third quartile group

0.227

0.254

0.210*

 Log of the daily wage fourth quartile group

0.307

0.404

0.245***

 Part-time work

0.076

0.052

0.091***

Working conditions

 Has to change location frequently

0.189

0.161

0.207**

 No external demand needing immediate response

0.524

0.448

0.573***

 No change in colleagues over the last 12 months

0.567

0.456

0.638***

Firm’s characteristics

 High share of young workers (< 30 years)

0.301

0.300

0.302

 High share of workers aged 30–45 years

0.500

0.489

0.506

 High share of older workers (> 45 years)

0.199

0.211

0.192

 Firm size 20-49

0.148

0.161

0.140

 Firm size 50–299

0.263

0.242

0.276*

 Firm size > 300

0.589

0.597

0.584

 Manufacturing

0.400

0.390

0.408

 Building

0.065

0.079

0.056**

 Retail trade

0.171

0.152

0.183*

 Transports

0.094

0.086

0.099

 Housing and finance

0.164

0.196

0.144

 Media and services to firms

0.105

0.097

0.110

 Observations

4854

1819

3035